{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:22:00Z","timestamp":1753878120895,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiac surgery in infants often triggers a severe inflammatory response. The role of biomarkers in predicting clinical outcomes in this group of patients has been debated in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of 20 inflammatory biomarkers, in combination with clinical data, for acute kidney injury, ventilator support duration, and inotropic score following infant cardiac surgery by developing and comparing three models: Clinical\u2010Data\u2010Only, Biomarker\u2010Only, and Combined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This secondary analysis of the MiLe\u20101 study included infants undergoing surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Biomarkers were measured before and after CPB. Using BIC\u2010guided logistic regression, we developed and compared three multivariable models\u2014Clinical\u2010Data\u2010Only, Biomarker\u2010Only, and Combined\u2014for each outcome. Model performance was assessed using c\u2010statistics and p\u2010contrast tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regarding AKI risk prediction, the c\u2010statistics for Biomarker\u2010Only, Clinical\u2010Data\u2010Only, and Combined Model were 0.79, 0.60, and 0.78 respectively. The difference in performance between the Combined and Clinical\u2010Data\u2010Only Models was statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Concerning ventilator support time prediction, the c\u2010statistics were 0.80, 0.72, and 0.77 for the models respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010contrast\u2009=\u20090.10). As for inotropic score prediction, the c\u2010statistics were 0.83, 0.77, and 0.85 for the models (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010contrast\u2009=\u20090.007).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inflammatory biomarkers may enhance risk stratification for postoperative outcomes in infant cardiac surgery. However, given the exploratory nature of this study, further validation in larger and more diverse cohorts is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.70073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T09:36:52Z","timestamp":1749548212000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multivariable Modeling of Postoperative Risk in Infant Cardiac Surgery: Integrating Clinical Variables and 20 Inflammatory Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6551-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00fanar Bragi","family":"Kvaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital  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G\u00f6taland Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6171-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattias","family":"Molin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistiska Konsultgruppen Sweden  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4753-3811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"W\u00e5hlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Children's Heart Center  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0395-047X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans Christian 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