{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:49:18Z","timestamp":1767707358545,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuraxial blockade, typically guided by manual palpation, can be challenging in certain patient populations. Ultrasound\u2010assisted neuraxial access has the potential to improve success rates, particularly for novice anaesthesiologists, though structured training programs in this technique are limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This multicentre, randomised controlled trial will evaluate the use of ultrasound\u2010assisted neuraxial block, following a simulation\u2010based training programme based on the mastery\u2010learning approach. Participants, consisting of novice and senior anaesthesiologists, will receive training in either ultrasound\u2010assisted or traditional manual palpation techniques. Performance will be assessed in a clinical setting during elective lower limb surgery. Statistical analyses will compare the clinical outcomes of ultrasound\u2010assisted versus manual palpation techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary outcome is the success rate of the first spinal block attempt. Secondary outcomes include the number of attempts, needle redirections, time spent, and the need for additional interventions. Patient satisfaction and complications will be evaluated as tertiary outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study may present the potential impact of a structured training program on anaesthesiologists' skills in ultrasound\u2010assisted neuraxial access and potentially lead to better patient outcomes. By comparing ultrasound\u2010assisted techniques with traditional manual palpation, the findings may lead to improvements in training methods and ultrasound\u2010assisted approaches for neuraxial access.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T05:18:33Z","timestamp":1753939113000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Should Anaesthesiologists Be Taught to Perform Ultrasound\u2010Assisted Neuraxial Access in Spinal\u00a0Anaesthesia?\u2014Protocol of a Randomised Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5999-3372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martine Siw","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Lillebaelt University Hospital  Kolding Denmark"},{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Education, Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Kolding Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Regional Health Research University of Southern Denmark  Kolding Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Konge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Education, Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Kolding Denmark"},{"name":"Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, Center for HR &amp; Education The Capital Region of Denmark  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders Bo","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Education, Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Kolding Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Odense University Hospital  Svendborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Grejs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6453-6152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Craveiro","family":"Br\u00f8chner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Lillebaelt University Hospital  Kolding Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Regional Health Research University of Southern Denmark  Kolding Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/eja.0000000000001422"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057x1103900410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/lra.S68451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aap.0000000000000184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/eja.0000000000001383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03018371"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13344"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102044.2008.05697.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"182","article-title":"The Regional Anesthesia \u201cLearning Curve\u201d. 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