{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:29:54Z","timestamp":1788431394405,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Single\u2010use forced\u2010air heating blankets can prevent intraoperative hypothermia, but their use carries environmental and economic costs. Whether omitting heating blankets for short\u2010duration surgical procedures affects patient outcomes remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate changes in shivering and hypothermia of removing forced\u2010air heating from short\u2010duration surgical procedures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Pragmatic, prospective before\u2010and\u2010after cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Surgical ward in a secondary university hospital in 2023.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients<\/jats:title>\n Adults undergoing orthopaedic or abdominal procedures below 90\u2009min.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Intervention<\/jats:title>\n Comparing active forced\u2010air heating to no heating after a guideline change.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n Co\u2010primary outcomes were intraoperative hypothermia (<\u200935.5\u00b0C) and shivering (symptom or need for rescue medication) in the post\u2010anaesthetic care unit. Data were extracted from electronic health records.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We included 1059 and 1106 surgeries in the heating and no\u2010heating group, respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar with mean 48\u2009min surgery duration. Intraoperative hypothermia occurred more frequently in the no\u2010heating group with 5.58% versus 2.73% in the heating group (relative risk, 97.5% confidence interval): 2.04, 1.11\u20133.95,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.011. Shivering occurred more frequently in the no\u2010heating group with 6.1% versus 4.0% in the heating group (relative risk, 97.5% confidence interval): 1.55, 1.02\u20132.41,\n p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n \u20090.021. Preventing one shivering event cost $235 and 62.9\u2009kg CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n equivalents. There were no differences in anaesthesia emergence time or need for\/length of post\u2010anaesthetic care unit stay.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Omitting forced\u2010air heating significantly increased hypothermia occurrence by 2.85% and shivering by 2.18%, while reducing costs and carbon emissions. This relationship between beneficial patient\u2010related effects and negative climate\/economic costs is controversial. The patients' perspective in terms of thermal comfort outcomes should be investigated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n Protocol on Zenodo prior to data analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Editorial Comment<\/jats:title>\n This retrospective analysis compared cases with shorter surgery times where either active warming or not (simple routine insulating) were compared for risk of intraoperative temperature assessed less than 35.5 or shivering, as well as post anaesthesia unit time. Costs were estimated (for active warming materiel) to prevent a single shivering event.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.70204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T05:18:06Z","timestamp":1771305486000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating Shivering and Hypothermia After Removing Forced\u2010Air Heating From Short\u2010Duration Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0338-3751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders Peder H\u00f8jer","family":"Karlsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Bjerring","family":"Enevoldsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette Windeleff","family":"Svejstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sine Alette Nogel","family":"Eriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0981-0723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus Harboe","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Trial Unit Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Neuroanaesthesiology Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1204-3636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theis Skovsgaard","family":"Itenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4885-4609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian Sylvest","family":"Meyhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Troels Haxholdt","family":"Lunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2008.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2017.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00560-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"3M Bair Hugger Temperature Management Solutions 2022 https:\/\/www.bairhugger.com\/3M\/en_US\/bair\u2010hugger\u2010us\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","volume-title":"Hypothermia: Prevention and Management in Adults Having Surgery. 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