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This study aimed to determine the cognitive functioning of patients with circulatory shock immediately after ICU discharge and 3\u2009months later.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study, ASSESS\u2010SHOCK 2, is a preplanned sub\u2010study of the observational ASSESS\u2010SHOCK study conducted at Helsinki University Hospital ICU. We included adults with circulatory shock, defined as hypotension requiring vasopressor infusion and concomitant signs of hypoperfusion. We excluded patients with severe neurological or psychiatric diagnoses, impairment of hearing or vision, developmental disability, and language barriers. Cognitive functioning of patients was assessed within 3\u2009days of ICU discharge and 3\u2009months thereafter with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. We defined cognitive impairment as MoCA score\u2009&lt;\u200926 points. We also included data of 48 volunteer controls, tested once, to analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\u2010five patients underwent an assessment within 3\u2009days of ICU discharge, and 36 of them completed a follow\u2010up assessment at 3\u2009months. At discharge median MoCA\u2010score was 22 (IQR 17\u201325). At the 3\u2009months follow\u2010up, the median MoCA\u2010score was 26.5 points (IQR 24.25\u201328) showing improvement from discharge to follow\u2010up (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The prevalence of cognitive impairment at discharge was 78.2%, and, at the 3\u2010month follow\u2010up 44.4%. In the control group, the median MoCA score was 27 points (IQR 25\u201328) and the prevalence of cognitive impairment 33%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found cognitive impairment in more than three out of four ICU survivors immediately after ICU treatment for circulatory shock. We observed an improvement in cognitive functioning between ICU discharge and 3\u2009months follow\u2010up. These results have importance considering the optimal timing of information given to patients and when involving patients in decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Editorial Comment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used the MoCA score to investigate the change in cognitive impairment in patients who survived circulatory shock, from the time of discharge from intensive care to 3\u2009months after discharge. Scores indicated more severe cognitive dysfunction compared to controls at the time of discharge, but these improved to match control scores 3\u2009months later. The findings have important implications for strategies to inform and support newly discharged ICU survivors who have experienced circulatory shock.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.70250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T07:46:31Z","timestamp":1778139991000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognitive Functioning After Circulatory Shock: A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9097-6017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salla","family":"Laurila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tampere University Hospital Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, and Tampere University  Tampere 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