{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T09:23:57Z","timestamp":1787217837094,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Airway management is a core clinical competency, yet consistent and patient\u2010safe hands\u2010on training opportunities remain limited. Distance simulation, in which learners and facilitators are in different physical locations, may expand access to technical skills training. However, which airway management procedures are most suitable for this format remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a three\u2010round international Delphi study to identify and prioritize airway management procedures suitable for distance simulation. Fifty\u2010four airway experts were invited, of whom 46 from 20 countries participated. In Round 1, experts proposed candidate procedures via free\u2010text responses. In Round 2, procedures were prioritized using the Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation Needs Assessment Formula, incorporating frequency, proportion of operators requiring competence, clinical impact, and feasibility for distance simulation. In Round 3, procedures achieving \u2265\u200970% agreement were retained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Response rates were 85%, 89%, and 95% across the three rounds. The 464 free\u2010text responses were consolidated into 54 procedures, of which 22 reached \u2265\u200970% consensus in the final round. Highly ranked procedures included direct laryngoscopic intubation, video laryngoscopic intubation, face mask ventilation, and laryngeal mask airway insertion. Emergency front\u2010of\u2010neck access with scalpel and bougie also achieved consensus. Rankings between Rounds 2 and 3 were strongly correlated (Spearman's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.78).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This international Delphi study identified a prioritized set of airway management procedures suitable for distance simulation, including both high\u2010frequency essential and low\u2010frequency critical procedures. These findings support the development of standardized distance simulation curricula.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Editorial Comment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This Delphi process report presents an international group's expert views on process for how advanced airway management training in a simulator environment can be conducted where the instructor by necessity is in a remote location.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.70310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:09:48Z","timestamp":1785283788000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["International Consensus on Airway Management Procedures for Distance Simulation: A Delphi Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6346-0549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Rigshospitalet, Capital Region of Denmark  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Rigshospitalet, Capital Region of Denmark  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9462-1665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Seltz","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Centre of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1133-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenxian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders Bo","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Odense University Hospital  Svendborg Denmark"},{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Education University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4619-2426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Konge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Rigshospitalet, Capital Region of Denmark  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Rigshospitalet, Capital Region of Denmark  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Education University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7352-8728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lene","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Rigshospitalet, Capital Region of Denmark  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Rigshospitalet, Capital Region of Denmark  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev\u2010Gentofte  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","volume-title":"Healthcare Simulation Dictionary\u2013Third Edition","author":"Lioce L.","year":"2025"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Characterizing Preferred Terms for Geographically Distant Simulations: Distance, Remote and Telesimulation","volume":"1","author":"Chang T. 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