{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:55:13Z","timestamp":1790949313451,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Flexible laryngeal mask airway (fLMA) devices are widely used in head, neck, and oral surgery, but insertion can be technically challenging, and inadequate placement may compromise ventilation. Competency\u2010based training requires trustworthy assessment instruments with validity evidence; however, no assessment tool with solid validity evidence currently exists for fLMA airway management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a prospective, patient\u2010based, rater\u2010blinded validation study. The study will be conducted at multiple tertiary hospitals in China: the Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University (Shanghai), Huzhou Central Hospital (Zhejiang Province), and Luoyang Central Hospital (Henan Province). Thirty physicians (15 novices and 15 experts) will each perform fLMA airway management in two adult patients with predicted normal airways. Procedures will be video\u2010recorded and independently assessed by two blinded raters using a structured Global Rating Scale. Validity evidence will be gathered according to Messick's framework, including content, response process, internal structure, relations to other variables, and consequences of testing. A pass\/fail standard will be established using the contrasting groups' standard\u2010setting method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study will provide validity evidence for a video\u2010based assessment tool for fLMA airway management in clinical practice. Reliability, discrimination between experience levels, and the consequences of pass\/fail decisions will be evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study addresses an important gap in airway management education by developing and validating an assessment tool with a credible pass\/fail score for fLMA management. The tool may support structured training, competency\u2010based assessment, and mastery learning programs in airway management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.70311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T14:05:31Z","timestamp":1785333931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Video\u2010Based Tool for Assessment of Airway Management With Flexible Laryngeal Mask in Clinical Practice\u2014A Protocol for a Study Gathering Validity Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES)  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1133-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenxian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4619-2426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9462-1665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Seltz","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Centre of Head and Orthopedics Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7352-8728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lene","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES)  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev\u2010Gentofte  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Konge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES)  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders Bo","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Education University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Odense University Hospital  Svendborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"The Development of the Laryngeal Mask\u2014A Brief History of the Invention, Early Clinical Studies and Experimental Work From Which the Laryngeal Mask Evolved","volume":"4","author":"Brain A. 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Supplement"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000895"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S194728"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-015-2116-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-11-00075.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0969594970040304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159032000151907"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"1197","article-title":"Preoperative Airway Assessment: Predictive Value of a Multivariate Risk Index","volume":"82","author":"El\u2010Ganzouri A. 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