{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T05:45:21Z","timestamp":1791783921531,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative vasoactive therapy is usually summarised by its presence or duration, although haemodynamic support evolves over time. We investigated whether reproducible postoperative vasoactive exposure patterns provide prognostic information beyond the duration of postoperative vasoactive therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a prespecified substudy of the international SQUEEZE cohort. Adults receiving postoperative vasoactive infusion within seven postoperative days after non\u2010cardiac surgery were included. Unsupervised k\u2010means clustering identified exposure patterns using duration of postoperative vasoactive infusion, cumulative vasoactive agent\u2010days, and peak number of concurrent agents. Associations with 30\u2010day mortality, acute kidney injury (AKI), and hospital length of stay were assessed using multivariable regression. A prespecified landmark analysis evaluated early postoperative vasoactive exposure burden during postoperative days 0\u20131.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 25,672 patients, 6676 (26.0%) received postoperative vasoactive infusion. Four reproducible exposure patterns were identified. Adjusted 30\u2010day mortality ranged from 9.7% in the low\u2010burden pattern to 35.3% in the high\u2010burden pattern but was not strictly monotonic, whereas adjusted AKI risk increased from 28.0% to 56.0% across patterns. In covariate\u2010adjusted models fitted to the same complete\u2010case cohort, discrimination was higher when exposure pattern rather than duration was included (AUC 0.818 vs. 0.795), while adding duration to pattern classification resulted in little additional discrimination (AUC 0.819). Findings were consistent in the early postoperative landmark analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative vasoactive exposure follows reproducible patterns characterised by persistence and overall treatment burden rather than binary classification alone. These patterns were associated with mortality, AKI, and hospital length of stay, and provided prognostic information beyond duration alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Editorial Comment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This substudy and analysis of the SQUEEZE cohort, which represents a large sample of cases with focus on post\u2010operative vasopressor treatments, shows that more intensive vasopressor therapy was associated with worse postoperative outcomes, including for mortality and 30\u2009days and postoperative acute kidney injury occurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                      ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03805230\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.70355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T05:00:08Z","timestamp":1791781208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Postoperative Vasoactive Exposure Patterns and Outcomes After Non\u2010Cardiac Surgery: A Prespecified Analysis of the\n                    <scp>SQUEEZE<\/scp>\n                    Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1958-9316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Ripoll\u00e9s\u2010Melchor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Fluid Therapy and Hemodynamic Monitoring Group of the Spanish Society of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation (SEDAR)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6759-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ib","family":"Jammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4397-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Creagh\u2010Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Royal Surrey County Hospital  Guildford UK"},{"name":"School of Medicine University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1849-2114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Ignacio","family":"Monge\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fluid Therapy and Hemodynamic Monitoring Group of the Spanish Society of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation (SEDAR)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Hospital Universitario Puerto Real  C\u00e1diz Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2070-6871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel V.","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fluid Therapy and Hemodynamic Monitoring Group of the Spanish Society of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation (SEDAR)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Froedtert Hospital Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9644-2887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ane","family":"Abad\u2010Motos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Hospital Universitario Donostia  San Sebastian Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4414-2110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosal\u00eda","family":"Navarro\u2010P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Fluid Therapy and Hemodynamic Monitoring Group of the Spanish Society of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation (SEDAR)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2831-4744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Budithi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Froedtert Hospital Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3331-5589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Abad\u2010Gurumeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8789-5959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Aldecoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fluid Therapy and Hemodynamic Monitoring Group of the Spanish Society of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation (SEDAR)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Hospital Universitario R\u00edo Hortega  Valladolid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Valladolid (IBioVALL)  Valladolid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Squeeze Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.07.034","article-title":"Vasopressor Use After Noncardiac Surgery: An International Observational Study","volume":"135","author":"Jammer I.","year":"2025","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.08.022","article-title":"Vasopressors to Treat Postoperative Hypotension After Adult Noncardiac, Non\u2010Obstetric Surgery: A Systematic Review","volume":"131","author":"Douglas N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.4360","article-title":"Association of Postoperative High\u2010Sensitivity Troponin Levels With Myocardial Injury and 30\u2010Day Mortality Among Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery","volume":"317","author":"Writing Committee for the VISION Study Investigators","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2025.112008","article-title":"Hypotension and Postoperative Mortality. 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