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We have investigated the baseline follicular and GC composition in nonhuman primates (NHPs) with respect to their age. There was a marked reduction in follicular area in old animals. We found significantly lower normalized numbers of follicular PD1<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> CD4 T (Tfh) and proliferating (Ki67<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>) GC B cells with aging, a profile associated with significantly higher numbers of potential follicular suppressor FoxP3<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>Lag3<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> CD4 T cells. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between Tfh and follicular CD8 T cells (fCD8) only in young animals. Despite the increased levels of circulating preinflammatory factors in aging, young animals had higher numbers of monocytes and granulocytes in the follicles, a profile negatively associated with numbers of Tfh cells. Multiple regression analysis showed an altered association between GC B cells and other GC immune cell populations in old animals suggesting a differential mechanistic regulation of GC activity in aging. Our data demonstrate defective baseline GC composition in old NHPs and provide an immunological base for further understanding the adaptive humoral responses with respect to aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T07:30:29Z","timestamp":1576481429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Compromised steady\u2010state germinal center activity with age in nonhuman primates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Shankwitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Analysis Core Immunology Laboratory Vaccine Research Center NIAID NIH Bethesda MD USA"},{"name":"New Iberia Research Center University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette LA 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