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Initiation of Rapa at 42\u00a0ppm increased survival significantly in both male and female mice. Exposure to Rapa for a 3\u2010month period led to significant longevity benefit in males only. Protocols in which each month of Rapa treatment was followed by a month without Rapa exposure were also effective in both sexes, though this approach was less effective than continuous exposure in female mice. Interpretation of these results is made more complicated by unanticipated variation in patterns of weight gain, prior to the initiation of the Rapa treatment, presumably due to the use of drug\u2010free food from two different suppliers. The experimental design included tests of four other drugs, minocycline, \u03b2\u2010guanidinopropionic acid, MitoQ, and 17\u2010dimethylaminoethylamino\u201017\u2010demethoxygeldanamycin (17\u2010DMAG), but none of these led to a change in survival in either sex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T07:25:45Z","timestamp":1604474745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Rapamycin\u2010mediated mouse lifespan extension: Late\u2010life dosage regimes with sex\u2010specific effects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6643-3288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randy","family":"Strong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service South Texas Veterans Health Care System San Antonio TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9266-9649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Bogue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor ME USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service South Texas Veterans Health Care System San Antonio TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin A.","family":"Javors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergiy","family":"Libert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calico Labs South San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Anthony","family":"Marinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service South Texas Veterans Health Care System San Antonio TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Musi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center South Texas Veterans Health Care System San Antonio TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Petrascheck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5666-8040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Reifsnyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor ME USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlan","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry &amp; 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