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However, few studies have tested for the presence of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> dysregulation in vivo, how it manifests, and whether it impacts network function across hundreds of neurons. Here, we tested for neuronal Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> network dysregulation in vivo in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of anesthetized young and aged male Fisher 344 rats using single\u2010cell resolution techniques. Because S1 is involved in sensory discrimination and proprioception, we tested for alterations in ambulatory performance in the aged animal and investigated two potential pathways underlying these central aging\u2010 and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010dependent changes. Compared to young, aged animals displayed increased overall activity and connectivity of the network as well as decreased ambulatory speed. In aged animals, intranasal insulin (INI) increased network synchronicity and ambulatory speed. Importantly, in young animals, delivery of the L\u2010type voltage\u2010gated Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channel modifier Bay\u2010K 8644 altered network properties, replicating some of the changes seen in the older animal. These results suggest that hippocampal Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> dysregulation may be generalizable to other areas, such as S1, and might engage modalities that are associated with locomotor stability and motivation to ambulate. Further, given the safety profile of INI in the clinic and the evidence presented here showing that this central dysregulation is sensitive to insulin, we suggest that these processes can be targeted to potentially increase motivation and coordination while also reducing fall frequency with age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T11:08:50Z","timestamp":1655636930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sensitivity of the <scp>S1<\/scp> neuronal calcium network to insulin and <scp>Bay\u2010K<\/scp> 8644 in vivo: Relationship to gait, motivation, and aging processes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ruei\u2010Lung","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilaree N.","family":"Frazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katie L.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1004-7246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami L.","family":"Case","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam O.","family":"Ghoweri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3548-3466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Thibault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1525309113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.02.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(83)90034-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5228-04.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2010.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0602-849"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"e190008","article-title":"The aging brain & the dorsal basal ganglia: Implications for age\u2010related limitations of mobility","volume":"1","author":"Clark B. 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