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However, the thymus gradually involutes during early life resulting in declined na\u00efve T\u2010cell production, a process known as age\u2010related thymic involution. Thymic involution has many negative impacts on immune function including reduced pathogen resistance, high autoimmunity incidence, and attenuated tumor immunosurveillance. Age\u2010related thymic involution leads to a gradual reduction in thymic cellularity and thymic stromal microenvironment disruption, including loss of definite cortical\u2010medullary junctions, reduction of cortical thymic epithelial cells and medullary thymic epithelial cells, fibroblast expansion, and an increase in perivascular space. The compromised thymic microenvironment in aged individuals substantially disturbs thymocyte development and differentiation. Age\u2010related thymic involution is regulated by many transcription factors, micro RNAs, growth factors, cytokines, and other factors. 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