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In humans, studies are limited, have short follow\u2010up times, and show mixed results. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the effects of commonly used medications on functional aging, cognitive function, and frailty. We included information on individuals from three Swedish longitudinal population\u2010based studies collected between 1986 and 2014. Our exposures were the 21 most used groups of medications among individuals aged 65\u2009years and older in the Swedish population in 2022. Functional aging index (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091191), cognitive function (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091094), and frailty index (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091361) were the outcomes of interest. To estimate the medication effects, we used a self\u2010controlled analysis, where each individual is his\/her own control, thereby adjusting for all time\u2010stable confounders. The analysis was additionally adjusted for time\u2010varying confounders (chronological age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, smoking, body mass index, and the number of drugs). The participants were 65.5\u201382.8\u2009years at the first in\u2010person assessment. Adrenergics\/inhalants (effect size\u2009=\u20090.089) and lipid\u2010modifying agents\/plain (effect size\u2009=\u20090.082) were associated with higher values of cognitive function (improvement), and selective calcium channel blockers with mainly vascular effects (effect size\u2009=\u2009\u22120.129) were associated with lower values of the functional aging index (improvement). No beneficial effects were found on the frailty index. Adrenergics\/inhalants, lipid\u2010modifying agents\/plain, and selective calcium channel blockers with mainly vascular effects may benefit functional biomarkers of aging. More research is needed to investigate their clinical value in preventing adverse aging outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T09:59:18Z","timestamp":1709287158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects from medications on functional biomarkers of aging in three longitudinal studies of aging in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0470-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tha\u00eds","family":"Lopes\u00a0De\u00a0Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm 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