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In this study, proteins on the surface of cells rendered senescent by replicative exhaustion and by exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) were identified using mass spectrometry analysis, and a subset of them was further studied using single\u2010cell CITE\u2010seq (Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing) analysis. Based on the presence of proteins on the cell surface, we identified two distinct IR\u2010induced senescent cell populations: one characterized by high levels of CD109 and CD112 (cluster 3), the other characterized by high levels of CD112, CD26, CD73, HLA\u2010ABC, CD54, CD49A, and CD44 (cluster 0). We further found that cluster 0 represented proliferating and senescent cells in the G1 phase of the division cycle, and CITE\u2010seq detection of cell surface proteins selectively discerned those in the senescence group. Our study highlights the heterogeneity of senescent cells and underscores the value of cell surface proteins as tools for distinguishing senescent cell programs and subclasses, paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies in disorders exacerbated by senescence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T04:39:19Z","timestamp":1723696759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Identification of senescent cell subpopulations by <scp>CITE<\/scp>\u2010seq analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6240-5810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kotb","family":"Abdelmohsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics National Institutes of Health (NIH)  Baltimore Maryland 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