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However, the effects of aging on immune cells within human testes are not well understood. In this study, we utilized single\u2010cell RNA sequencing to profile immune cells from 33 human testis samples from individuals aged 21 to 69. Our analysis revealed key immune cell types, including CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, monocytes, cDC2 cells, and various macrophage subtypes within the testes. We observed an age\u2010related change in monocytes and MRC1\n                    <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                    tissue\u2010resident macrophage (TRM), a pattern consistent in both human and mouse testes. Individuals aged 40 and older showed notable shifts in pathways related to phagocytosis, cytokine signaling, and antigen presentation. Monocytes also exhibited pro\u2010inflammatory characteristics, potentially contributing to the low\u2010grade inflammation commonly associated with aging. Together, these findings provide insights into age\u2010related immune cell alterations in human testes and uncover molecular mechanisms underlying these shifts, offering a valuable resource for understanding immune aging in the reproductive system.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:28:49Z","timestamp":1741739329000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Single\u2010Cell Transcriptome Atlas Characterizes the Immune Landscape of Human Testes During Aging"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Qiaoling","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xichen","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"},{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxiu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojian","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Hotaling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah 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