{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:57:05Z","timestamp":1790791025015,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aging Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Entropy may play an underappreciated role in human aging, such as in skeletal muscle functional declines. Histologically, muscle appears increasingly disorganized with aging, with greater fiber size variability and fiber\u2010type grouping. We tested the hypothesis that entropy is associated with reduced physical performance and muscle function, independent of muscle mass. We quantified a homeostatic dysregulation index of muscle (HDI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ) as a proxy for entropy of muscle fiber disorganization based on cross\u2010sectional images of vastus lateralis biopsies from 299 adults age 70 or older. HDI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    was derived from three traits: fiber area diversity, fiber\u2010type heterogeneity, and the mean of the shortest path lengths through adjacent fiber networks. HDI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    derived from muscle fibers was highly correlated with Shannon entropy, a different measure of entropy of muscle fiber traits. Higher HDI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    derived from participants was associated with slower 400\u2010m walk speed, lower peak VO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , muscle power, and decreased maximum rate of oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria in muscle. These findings suggest that muscle fibers accumulate entropy with aging which contributes to decline in physical performance, muscle power, and mitochondrial energetics, advancing the entropy framework in aging research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T03:15:47Z","timestamp":1771816547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Entropy of Muscle Fiber Histology Predicts Mobility in Older Adults: The Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Namki","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Coordinating Center California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute  San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California  San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Endocrine Research Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Wouk","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics Yonsei University, College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4113-3988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University  NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell T.","family":"Hepple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy University of Florida  Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2805-2115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul M.","family":"Coen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AdventHealth Translational Research Institute  Orlando FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2743-7099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bumsoo","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0106-1150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne B.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh  PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Kritchesky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology &amp; Geriatric Medicine and the Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Laurenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren S.","family":"Browner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Coordinating Center California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8808-260X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven R.","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Coordinating Center California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute  San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0838.2003.00299.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(86)90039-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-199037","article-title":"Entropy Analysis of Heart Rate Variability and Its Application to Recognize Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study","volume":"27","author":"Byun S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technology and Health Care: Official Journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.18652010702"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2014.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2013.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01025868"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.4.1321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90332.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-021-00150-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00304.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sres.3850040406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00613-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Variability in Muscle Fibre Areas in Whole Human Quadriceps Muscle: Effects of Increasing Age","volume":"174","author":"Lexell J.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz229"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reprint of: Mahalanobis, P.C. (1936) on the Generalised Distance in Statistics","volume":"80","author":"Mahalanobis P. C.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sankhya A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glac238"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-025-00975-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C2CP22821A"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"660","article-title":"Accumulation of Severely Atrophic Myofibers Marks the Acceleration of Sarcopenia in Slow and Fast Twitch Muscles","volume":"46","author":"Rowan S. L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Experimental Gerontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00690450"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.10.M644"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-01018-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00208.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/30918"}],"container-title":["Aging Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acel.70421","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acel.70421","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acel.70421","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:50:34Z","timestamp":1774266634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acel.70421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acel.70421"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acel.70421","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-9718","1474-9726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-9718","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-9726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70421"}}