{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T05:07:02Z","timestamp":1784610422157,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82170856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aging Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Aging induces immunosenescence, a progressive decline in immune function underpinning age\u2010related pathogen vulnerability, yet T\/B cell receptor (TCR\/BCR) repertoire remodeling during aging remains incompletely characterized, especially in non\u2010European populations. Additionally, SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 may perturb immune homeostasis and accelerate aging, but its impact on immune repertoire aging is unclear. Here, we analyzed leukocyte DNA from 195 healthy Chinese individuals (25\u201393\u2009years) and 94 post\u2010COVID\u201019 cases via CDR3 high\u2010throughput sequencing. Aging correlated with shorter CDR3 sequences, reduced VDJ gene\/V\u2010J combination diversity, declining TCR\/BCR clonotype counts (179.7\/507 per 3\u2009years), expanded hyperexpanded TCR\/large BCR clones, and reduced diversity (critical turning point ~60\u2009years). These changes were intensified post\u2010COVID\u201019, with altered amino acid usage, diminished diversity, and expanded SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\/\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010related clones. We developed a LightGBM\u2010based immune repertoire aging clock, validating accelerated biological aging (increased cAgeDiff) and reduced intrinsic capacity in post\u2010COVID\u201019 individuals. Our findings reveal age\u2010dependent immune repertoire remodeling exacerbated by COVID\u201019, deepening understanding of immunosenescence and post\u2010viral dysfunction, with potential clinical applications for age\u2010related immune decline and post\u2010COVID\u201019 syndromes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T08:16:25Z","timestamp":1782202585000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Aging Clock Based on Immune Repertoire Features:\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 Accelerates Aging"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8736-1172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si\u2010Jia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shanxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi\u2010Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Jinan Shandong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lv\u2010Tao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010Qing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010Min","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Respiratory Disease Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Jinan Shandong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying\u2010Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong\u2010Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering Capital Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Qun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4734-3137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tie\u2010Mei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian\u2010Ping","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab226"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11061017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302064"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.13152"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201029801\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1401053"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00827"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592\u2010022\u201001578\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2302038"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1934352"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb\u20102013\u201014\u201010\u2010r115"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000445656"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579\u2010020\u201000459\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262\u2010018\u20102237\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102488\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010cellbio\u2010112122\u2010030835"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2019.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abh1823"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00318"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2023.2245931"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0237"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1224304"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590\u2010017\u20100006\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.11.040193.001555"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251\u2010019\u201001134\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13311"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(20)30482\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392\u2010020\u20100148\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx286"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2297852"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102521\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08916934.2021.1887149"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102056\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1190844"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2017.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326\u20106066.CIR\u201020\u20100252"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.87303"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI169676"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq7599"}],"container-title":["Aging Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acel.70580","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acel.70580","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acel.70580","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:58:02Z","timestamp":1784609882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acel.70580"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acel.70580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acel.70580","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-9718","1474-9726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-9718","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-9726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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