{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:08:43Z","timestamp":1790816923948,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"United Kingdom National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme","award":["11\/36\/09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11\/36\/09"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This meta\u2010analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of prehospital continuous positive airway pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPAP<\/jats:styled-content>) or bilevel inspiratory positive airway pressure (Bi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAP<\/jats:styled-content>) in acute respiratory failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen electronic databases and research registers were searched from inception to August 2013. Randomized or quasi\u2010randomized controlled trials that reported mortality or intubation rate for prehospital <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPAP<\/jats:styled-content> or Bi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAP<\/jats:styled-content> were selected and compared to a relevant comparator in patients with acute respiratory failure. An aggregate data network meta\u2010analysis was used to jointly estimate intervention effects relative to standard care. A network meta\u2010analysis using a mixture of individual patient\u2010level data and aggregate data was carried out to assess potential treatment effect modifiers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight randomized and two quasi\u2010randomized controlled trials (six <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPAP<\/jats:styled-content>, four Bi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAP<\/jats:styled-content>, sample sizes 23 to 207) were identified. The aggregate data network meta\u2010analysis suggested that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPAP<\/jats:styled-content> was the most effective treatment in terms of mortality (probability\u00a0=\u00a00.989) and intubation rate (probability\u00a0=\u00a00.639) and reduced both mortality (odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>]\u00a0= 0.41; 95% credible interval [CrI]\u00a0=\u00a00.20 to 0.77) and intubation rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0= 0.32; 95% CrI\u00a0=\u00a00.17 to 0.62), compared to standard care. The effect of Bi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAP<\/jats:styled-content> on mortality (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0= 1.94; 95% CrI\u00a0=\u00a00.65 to 6.14) and intubation rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0= 0.40; 95% CrI\u00a0=\u00a00.14 to 1.16) was uncertain. The network meta\u2010analysis using individual patient\u2010level data and aggregate data suggested that sex was a modifier of the effect of treatment on mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prehospital <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPAP<\/jats:styled-content> can reduce mortality and intubation rates compared to standard care, while the effectiveness of prehospital Bi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAP<\/jats:styled-content> is uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T07:59:12Z","timestamp":1412150352000},"page":"960-970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Prehospital Noninvasive Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Failure: Systematic Review, Network Meta\u2010analysis, and Individual Patient Data Meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Steve","family":"Goodacre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Pandor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Poku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Cantrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Bounes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Emergency Medicine Toulouse University Hospital Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arantxa","family":"Mas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Intensive Care Department Hospital de Sant Joan Desp\u00ed Mois\u00e8s Broggi Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Payen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Lariboisi\u00e8re Hospital Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Petrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Emergency Medicine Dalhousie University Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus Soeren","family":"Roessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Anaesthesiology Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine Georg\u2010August\u2010University Goettingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunther","family":"Weitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University Hospital of Schleswig\u2010Holstein L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Ducros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Lariboisi\u00e8re Hospital Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Plaisance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Emergency Medicine Lariboisi\u00e8re University Hospital Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afn060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2002.121523"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4926"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"National Clinical Guideline Centre.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Adults in Primary and Secondary Care. 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