{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:16:30Z","timestamp":1789182990395,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parenteral opioids are commonly used to treat acute severe pain. We measured pleasurable sensations in patients administered intravenous analgesics to determine if these sensations were associated with receipt of an opioid, after controlling for relief of pain. Pleasurable sensations not accounted for by relief of pain were considered opioid\u2010induced euphoria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data were from a randomized study of 1\u00a0mg of hydromorphone versus 120\u00a0mg of lidocaine for abdominal pain. To assess euphoria, participants were asked to provide a 0 to 10 response to each of these questions: 1) How good did the medication make you feel? 2) How high did the medication make you feel? and 3) How happy did the medication make you feel? Pain at baseline and 30\u00a0minutes was also measured on a 0 to 10 scale. To determine the relative importance of pain relief versus medication type, we built three linear regression models in which each euphoria question was the dependent variable and pain relief, medication type, and medication\u2010induced side effects were the independent variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010seven patients received lidocaine and 77 hydromorphone. Hydromorphone patients reported greater pain improvement than lidocaine patients (mean difference\u00a0=\u00a01.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a00.6 to 2.3) and higher scores on all three euphoria questions (\u201cfeeling good\u201d difference\u00a0=\u00a01.9, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.8 to 3.0; \u201cfeeling high\u201d difference\u00a0=\u00a01.5, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.4 to 2.7; \u201cfeeling happy\u201d difference\u00a0=\u00a01.7, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.6 to 2.8). In the regression models, hydromorphone administration (\u03b2\u2010coefficient\u00a0=\u00a00.16, p\u00a0=\u00a00.03) and pain relief (\u03b2\u2010coefficient\u00a0=\u00a00.45, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) were both associated with \u201cfeeling good.\u201d \u201cFeeling high\u201d and \u201cfeeling happy\u201d were associated with pain improvement (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) but not with hydromorphone administration (p\u00a0=\u00a00.07 for \u201chigh\u201d and p\u00a0=\u00a00.06 for \u201chappy\u201d). Medication\u2010induced side effects were not associated with these measures of euphoria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among emergency department patients with acute pain, hydromorphone\u2010induced euphoria, though measurable, was generally less important for patients than relief of pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T13:01:22Z","timestamp":1585314082000},"page":"1100-1105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Opioid\u2010induced Euphoria Among Emergency Department Patients With Acute Severe Pain: An Analysis of Data From a Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Lorena","family":"Abril Ochoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Emergency Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farnia","family":"Naeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"and the Medical College Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah J.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Emergency Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8417-3790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Polly E.","family":"Bijur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Emergency Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2753-5860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin W.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Emergency Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.03.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"Pharm.D.\u2010M.D.Team Successfully Enacts Opioid\u2010Free ED Shift.2016. 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