{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:27:33Z","timestamp":1791408453902,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006578","name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMFHR108123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMFHR108123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006578","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006578","name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMFHR108124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMFHR108124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006578","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) may be a solution for predicting adverse outcomes in emergency department (ED) patients with pneumonia; however, this issue remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to clarify it.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 52,626 adult ED patients with pneumonia from three hospitals between 2010 and 2019 for this study. Thirty\u2010three feature variables from electronic medical records were used to construct an artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict sepsis or septic shock, respiratory failure, and mortality. After comparisons of the predictive accuracies among logistic regression, random forest, support\u2010vector machine (SVM), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), we selected the best one to build the model. We further combined the AI model with the Internet of things as AIoT, added an interactive mode, and implemented it in the hospital information system to assist clinicians with decision making in real time. We also compared the AIoT\u2010based model with the confusion\u2010urea\u2010respiratory rate\u2010blood pressure\u201065 (CURB\u201065) and pneumonia severity index (PSI) for predicting mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The best AI algorithms were random forest for sepsis or septic shock (area under the curve [AUC]\u00a0=\u00a00.781), LightGBM for respiratory failure (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.847), and mortality (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.835). The AIoT\u2010based model represented better performance than CURB\u201065 and PSI indicators for predicting mortality (0.835 vs. 0.681 and 0.835 vs. 0.728).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A real\u2010time interactive AIoT\u2010based model might be a better tool for predicting adverse outcomes in ED patients with pneumonia. Further validation in other populations is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T14:40:14Z","timestamp":1627569614000},"page":"1277-1285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Real\u2010time interactive artificial intelligence of things\u2013based prediction for adverse outcomes in adult patients with pneumonia in the emergency department"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"You\u2010Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Science Industries Chang Jung Christian University Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7542-0152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien\u2010Chin","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia\u2010Jung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Shan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Ting","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu\u2010Lan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Lien","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung\u2010Jung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jhi\u2010Joung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3595-2952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien\u2010Cheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Senior Services Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung\u2010Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2018.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix647"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","unstructured":"Statistics on the Causes of Death in 2019.2020.https:\/\/www.mohw.gov.tw\/cp\u201016\u201054482\u20101.html. 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Accessed May 4 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010248"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.953"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","unstructured":"WardLM MogensenL CillonizC et al.A machine\u2010learning model for prediction of mortality among patients with community\u2010acquired pneumonia. In: Proceedings of the 28th ECCMID Congress; April 13\u201316 2019; Amsterdam the Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.19.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2020.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-019-0202-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Interactive human centered artificial intelligence: a definition and research challenges","volume":"3","author":"Schmidt A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Adv Visual Interfaces"}],"container-title":["Academic Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acem.14339","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acem.14339","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acem.14339","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T05:40:14Z","timestamp":1693201214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acem.14339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acem.14339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acem.14339","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1069-6563","1553-2712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1069-6563","type":"print"},{"value":"1553-2712","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}