{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:55:39Z","timestamp":1790574939387,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis (Tdap, \u201ctetanus\u201d) vaccine is recommended for adults every 10\u2009years. In a national sample of adult emergency department (ED) patients, we sought to determine (1) knowledge and up\u2010to\u2010date status of the tetanus vaccine; (2) reasons for nonreceipt of the vaccine; (3) vaccine acceptability if offered in the ED; and (4) reasons for nonacceptance in the ED if offered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional survey study among non\u2010critically ill adults at 10 US EDs, asking questions about knowledge, receipt, and acceptability of the tetanus vaccine. Vaccine receipt was determined by self\u2010report. Aggregate responses are reported as descriptive statistics. Logistic regression modeling was performed, and data are presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 4326 patients approached, 3285 (75.9%) agreed to participate, and 5 were excluded because of incomplete responses. Among 3280 participants, 13.4% had not heard of the vaccine; and 58.0% were not up\u2010to\u2010date. Factors associated with not being up\u2010to\u2010date included age 34\u201348 (aOR 0.65; 95% CI 0.53\u20130.81), African American race (aOR 1.46; 95% CI 1.19\u20131.79), no primary care doctor (aOR 1.29; 95% CI 1.04\u20131.61) and no insurance (aOR 1.86; 95% CI 1.36\u20132.56). Among participants not up\u2010to\u2010date, 21.6% would accept it during their ED visit. Primary reasons for nonacceptance were needing more information, concerns about side effects, and preference to get it from their doctor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over half of adult ED patients are not up\u2010to\u2010date on the tetanus vaccine but only one\u2010fifth would accept it if offered during an ED visit. ED\u2010centered efforts to increase uptake should provide messaging to address vaccine hesitancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.70401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:39:02Z","timestamp":1788273542000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A National Study of Tetanus Vaccine Knowledge, Receipt and Acceptance Among Emergency Department Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Sergi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Vaezazizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of California, Riverside  Riverside USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaokui","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of California, Riverside  Riverside USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Chinnock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of California, San Francisco, Fresno  Fresno USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3276-8375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Gottlieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Rush University Medical Center  Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijaya Arun","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University  Detroit USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3882-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin L.","family":"Rising","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Thomas Jefferson University Hospital  Philadelphia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efrat Rosenzweig","family":"Kean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Thomas Jefferson University Hospital  Philadelphia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Eucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Duke University School of Medicine  Durham USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of California, Riverside School of Medicine  Riverside USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cTetanus vaccination \u201d(2025) https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tetanus\/vaccines\/index.html."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000001486","article-title":"Resurgence of Pertussis: Whopping the \u2018100\u2010Day Cough\u2019","volume":"37","author":"Christie C. D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"L.Schnirring \u201cCalifornia urges pertussis vaccination amid rising cases \u201dCIDRAP News. (2025) https:\/\/www.cidrap.umn.edu\/pertussis\/california\u2010urges\u2010pertussis\u2010vaccination\u2010amid\u2010rising\u2010cases."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1673_24","article-title":"The Resurgence of Diphtheria: A Call for Vigilance","volume":"14","author":"Banerjee D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1618883","article-title":"Pertussis Resurgence: Epidemiological Trends, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Preventive Strategies","volume":"10","author":"Sheng Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7429a1","article-title":"Emergency Department Survey of Vaccination Knowledge, Vaccination Coverage, and Willingness to Receive Vaccines in an Emergency Department Among Underserved Populations\u2014Eight US Cities, April\u2013December, 2024","volume":"74","author":"Rodriguez R. M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2025.09.001"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1177\/00185787221095773","article-title":"Implementation of a COVID\u201019 Vaccination Program in the Emergency Department","volume":"57","author":"Cooper C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hospital Pharmacy"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2300197","article-title":"Promotion of Influenza Vaccination in the Emergency Department","volume":"3","author":"Rodriguez R. M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"NEJM Evidence"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.021"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.5909","article-title":"Effect of COVID\u201019 Vaccine Messaging Platforms in Emergency Departments on Vaccine Acceptance and Uptake: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"183","author":"Rodriguez R. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010147\u20108\u2010200710160\u201000010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cVaccination Coverage among Adults in the United States National Health Interview Survey 2022 \u201d(2025) https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/adultvaxview\/publications\u2010resources\/adult\u2010vaccination\u2010coverage\u20102022.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.09.031"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807009041","article-title":"Adult Pertussis Vaccination Strategies and Their Impact on Pertussis in the United States: Evaluation of Routine and Targeted (Cocoon) Strategies","volume":"136","author":"Coudeville L.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","volume-title":"Emergency Department Visit Rates by Selected Characteristics: United States, 2022","author":"Cairns C.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.37655"}],"container-title":["Academic Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acem.70401","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acem.70401","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acem.70401","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:10:49Z","timestamp":1790572249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acem.70401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acem.70401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acem.70401","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1069-6563","1553-2712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1069-6563","type":"print"},{"value":"1553-2712","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70401"}}