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This study examined blood oxygen level\u2010dependent response in children with and without histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure during a task of response inhibition consisting of cued and noncued trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children and adolescents (ages 8 to 18\u00a0years) with (alcohol\u2010exposed [AE]\u00a0=\u00a020) and without (control [CON]\u00a0=\u00a015) histories of heavy prenatal exposure to alcohol underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a go\/no\u2010go task. Unbeknownst to subjects, a predictive cue preceded the no\u2010go stimulus in 87% of trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Groups were matched on demographic variables and did not differ on most measures of task performance. However, following cued stimuli, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AE<\/jats:styled-content> group demonstrated a lower hit rate to go stimuli and more conservative response bias than the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CON<\/jats:styled-content> group. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AE<\/jats:styled-content> participants demonstrated more activation during no\u2010go trials (inhibition) relative to go trials in the left precuneus, cingulate gyrus, anterior cingulate, and right medial frontal gyrus. During cue\u2010dependent response inhibition, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AE<\/jats:styled-content> group demonstrated less activation in the left precentral and postcentral gyrus compared to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CON<\/jats:styled-content> group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consistent with previous studies of response inhibition, the AE group demonstrated greater frontal and parietal activation when attempting to inhibit prepotent responses than the CON group, despite similar rates of commission errors. This study further demonstrated that the AE group had impaired behavioral performance on cued trials and demonstrated less activation in precentral and postcentral gyri relative to the CON group on these trials. This investigation provides evidence of impaired behavioral and neural processing of sequential information in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which can help improve inhibition in typical populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,24]],"date-time":"2012-10-24T15:33:07Z","timestamp":1351092787000},"page":"644-654","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Effect of Predictive Cuing on Response Inhibition in Children with Heavy Prenatal Alcohol Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Jessica W.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Center for Behavioral Teratology, San Diego State University San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andria L.","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Center for Behavioral Teratology, San Diego 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