{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:22:53Z","timestamp":1791289373049,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]],"date-time":"2012-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Childhood trauma has been linked with a number of negative outcomes later in life, including alcohol dependence (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). Previous studies have suggested a mediating role for neuroticism in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychopathology. In this study, we investigate the prevalence of multiple types of childhood trauma in treatment\u2010seeking alcohol\u2010dependent patients, and the associations between childhood trauma and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      severity using multiple mediation analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of 5 types of childhood trauma\u2014emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect\u2014was assessed in treatment\u2010seeking alcohol\u2010dependent patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0280) and healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0137) using the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      hildhood\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      rauma\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Q<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      uestionnaire. Multiple mediation analyses were used to model associations between childhood trauma measures and alcohol\u2010related outcomes, primarily the severity of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in the alcohol\u2010dependent sample.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Childhood trauma was significantly more prevalent and more severe in the alcohol\u2010dependent subjects. In addition, childhood trauma was found to influence\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      severity, an effect that was mediated by neuroticism. When individual trauma types were examined, emotional abuse was found to be the primary predictor of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      severity, both directly and through the mediating effects of the impulsivity subfacet of neuroticism. Physical abuse also had a moderate direct effect on\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      severity. Mediation analysis did not reveal any association between childhood trauma and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      lcohol\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      se\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      isorders\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      dentification\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      est score in the nondependent control sample.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Childhood trauma is highly prevalent in treatment\u2010seeking alcoholics and may play a significant role in the development and severity of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      through an internalizing pathway involving negative affect. Our findings suggest that alcoholics with a history of childhood emotional abuse may be particularly vulnerable to severe dependence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]],"date-time":"2012-12-27T12:02:19Z","timestamp":1356609739000},"page":"984-992","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Childhood Trauma Exposure and Alcohol Dependence Severity in Adulthood: Mediation by Emotional Abuse Severity and Neuroticism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Melanie L.","family":"Schwandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies  National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Heilig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies  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