{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T11:25:42Z","timestamp":1761823542600},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]],"date-time":"2013-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010infected persons have been shown to increase the rate of HIV<\/jats:styled-content> replication. In populations where prophylaxis against P<\/jats:styled-content>neumocystis<\/jats:italic> pneumonia is utilized, bacterial pneumonia is now the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in HIV<\/jats:styled-content>+ patients. Our prior studies have shown that chronic alcohol consumption in demarcated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010infected rhesus macaques increases plasma viral load set point and accelerates progression to end\u2010stage acquired immune deficiency syndrome. While chronic alcohol abuse is well known to increase the incidence and severity of bacterial pneumonia, the impact of alcohol consumption on local and systemic SIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/HIV<\/jats:styled-content> burden during lung infection is unknown. Therefore, we utilized the macaque SIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection model to examine the effect of chronic ethanol (E<\/jats:styled-content>tOH<\/jats:styled-content>) feeding on SIV<\/jats:styled-content> burden during the course of pulmonary infection with S<\/jats:styled-content>treptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, the most commonly identified etiology of bacterial pneumonia in HIV<\/jats:styled-content>+ and HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212 persons in developed countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Alcohol was administered starting 3\u00a0months before SIV<\/jats:styled-content>mac251 inoculation to the end of the study via an indwelling intragastric catheter to achieve a plasma alcohol concentration of 50 to 60\u00a0mM. Control animals received isocaloric sucrose. Four months after SIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection, the right lung was inoculated with 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0106<\/jats:sup> CFU <\/jats:styled-content>S.\u00a0pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Leukocyte recruitment into the lung, pulmonary bacterial clearance, and clinical course were similar between E<\/jats:styled-content>tOH<\/jats:styled-content> and control groups. While plasma SIV<\/jats:styled-content> viral load was similar between groups postpneumonia, chronic E<\/jats:styled-content>tOH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010fed macaques showed a prolonged increase in SIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Alveolar macrophages isolated from E<\/jats:styled-content>tOH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010fed macaques 1\u00a0day post\u2010pneumonia showed greater nuclear factor kappa beta (NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB<\/jats:styled-content>) activation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>This study indicates that chronic E<\/jats:styled-content>tOH<\/jats:styled-content> feeding results in enhanced local, but not systemic, SIV<\/jats:styled-content> replication following pneumococcal pneumonia. Increased NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB<\/jats:styled-content> activity in the setting of chronic E<\/jats:styled-content>tOH<\/jats:styled-content> ingestion may play a mechanistic role in this observation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]],"date-time":"2013-02-15T17:41:19Z","timestamp":1360950079000},"page":"969-977","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of Bacterial Pneumonia on Lung Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Replication in Alcohol Consuming SIV<\/scp>\u2010Infected Rhesus Macaques"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Steve","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans Louisiana"},{"name":"Department of Physiology LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle I.","family":"Happel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans Louisiana"},{"name":"Department of Physiology LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leann","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine New Orleans Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason P.","family":"Dufour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Animal Medicine Tulane National Primate Research Center Tulane University Covington Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Bagby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans Louisiana"},{"name":"Department of Physiology LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults","volume":"41","author":"Anonymous","year":"1992","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000057947.57330.BE"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/A746"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.53.082901.104024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199609000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/424851"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06540.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120047468"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-822304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200507-065JS"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011614"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.013763"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2003.64.564"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.7.1060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/504871"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.6.9902099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3001469"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000164517.01293.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02599920"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"Alcohol and infection [review]","volume":"17","author":"MacGregor RR","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Clin Top Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Bacterial community\u2010acquired pneumonia in HIV\u2010infected patients","volume":"16","author":"Madeddu G","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.4.917"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1355621031000069855"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70093-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.2009-047WS"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1010.030985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.5_Pt_1.1356"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.6.1582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/326711a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.3.9117038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-3-200002010-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5320.1857"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.7.2336"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.2006.00164.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.1.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000209907.43244.ee"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2005.21.863"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.4.1150"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revised surveillance case definitions for HIV infection among adults, adolescents, and children aged <18\u00a0months and for HIV infection and AIDS among children aged 18\u00a0months to <13\u00a0years\u2014United States, 2008","volume":"57","author":"Schneider E","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201006-044WR"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713990434"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90415-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(01)90885-0","article-title":"Severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia increases the infectious titre of HIV\u20101 in blood and can promote the expansion of viral chemokine co\u2010receptor tropism","volume":"43","author":"Shaunak S","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-314"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.1.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2004.65.434"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4829","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.6.4829-4839.1999","article-title":"Simian immunodeficiency virus disease course is predicted by the extent of virus replication during primary infection","volume":"73","author":"Staprans SI","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","volume-title":"Drinking in the U.S.: Main Findings from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiological Survey","author":"Stinson FS","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314491"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/34.6.830"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.6_Pt_1.1523"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.1.284-290.1997","article-title":"Plasma viremia in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus: plasma viral load early in infection predicts survival","volume":"71","author":"Watson A","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1999.00550.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.1.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/A842"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117924"}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Facer.12070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.12070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T13:38:58Z","timestamp":1697636338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.12070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.12070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.12070","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008","1530-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]}}}