{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T08:34:28Z","timestamp":1718181268449},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,23]],"date-time":"2013-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carbohydrate\u2010deficient transferrin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content>) is one of the best indicators for chronic alcohol abuse and detection of relapse. In this study, we explore the microheterogeneity of \u03b2\u2010hexosaminidase (\u03b2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEX<\/jats:styled-content>) in chronic alcohol abusers in the framework of a driver's license regranting program. Studies have shown that increased serum activity of \u03b2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEX B<\/jats:styled-content> (isoforms <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> I<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>) may be a sensitive marker for chronic alcohol abuse. Here, we describe methodology, limitations, and correlation of \u03b2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEX<\/jats:styled-content> isoforms with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>CDT was assayed at the central laboratory of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>hent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>niversity <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ospital by capillary zone electrophoresis, measured on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>apillarys 2\u2122 system and was expressed as a percentage of total serum transferrin (%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content>). Serum of chronic alcohol abusers was compared to nonheavy drinkers using agarose gel isoelectric focusing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEF<\/jats:styled-content>). Total \u03b2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEX<\/jats:styled-content> activity was assayed fluorimetrically following preparative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEF<\/jats:styled-content> in 81 subjects. \u03b2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEX<\/jats:styled-content> isoforms were investigated and compared between nonheavy drinkers and heavy drinkers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Agarose gel <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEF<\/jats:styled-content> shows additional cathodal bands in serum of chronic alcohol abusers. Mean total \u03b2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEX<\/jats:styled-content> activity between p<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content> 6.8 and 7.7, designated as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20107, showed the highest correlation with %<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.70, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a068). In a selected subgroup, where <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content> could not be quantified (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a013) because of an atypical electropherogram, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20107 was in concordance with either estimated %<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content> value or liver enzyme activities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this proof\u2010of\u2010concept study, we introduce a novel approach to quantify \u03b2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEX<\/jats:styled-content> isoforms using preparative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEF<\/jats:styled-content> and fluorimetry. A highly significant correlation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20107 and %<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content> has been found. Because of exclusion of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content> isoform, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20107 could be a useful supplementary marker for detecting chronic alcohol abuse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,27]],"date-time":"2013-04-27T10:06:00Z","timestamp":1367057160000},"page":"1264-1270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Microheterogeneity of Serum \u03b2\u2010Hexosaminidase in Chronic Alcohol Abusers in a Driver's License Regranting Program"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Maenhout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry  Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anneleen","family":"Poll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Assessment  Belgian Institute of Road Safety Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgitte","family":"Wuyts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry  Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Lecocq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry  Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Van Vlierberghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology  Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc L.","family":"De Buyzere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry  Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joris R.","family":"Delanghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry  Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2007.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2008.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2006.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"1994 Princeton University Press Princeton NJ L Cavalli\u2010Sforza P Menozzi A Piazza The History and the Geography of Human Genes 188"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2009.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.084459"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1983.tb02241.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Biological markers of alcohol abuse","volume":"66","author":"Helander A","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.029629"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(81)90147-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01530.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(98)00035-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1359-6357.2003.00582.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"Serum and urinary \u03b2\u2010hexosaminidase as markers of heavy drinking","volume":"25","author":"K\u00e4rkk\u00e4inen P","year":"1990","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agn096"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-011-0619-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)39645-X","article-title":"Evidence for two different active sites on human beta\u2010hexosaminidase A. 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