{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:57:20Z","timestamp":1760061440842},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,25]],"date-time":"2013-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic alcohol consumption leads to oxidative stress in a variety of cells, especially in brain cells because they have a reduced oxidative metabolism of alcohol. Uncoupling proteins (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCP<\/jats:styled-content>s) are anion channels of the inner mitochondrial membrane, which can decouple internal respiration. \u201cMild uncoupling\u201d of the mitochondrial respiratory chain leads to a reduced production of free radicals (reactive oxygen species) and a reduction in oxidative cell stress. The extent to which chronic alcohol consumption regulates UCP\u20102 and \u20104 in the brain is still unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined the effects of a 12\u2010week 5% alcohol diet in the brain of male <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>istar rats (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>34). Cerebral gene and protein expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, \u20104, as well as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>cl\u20102, and the release of cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> out of the mitochondria were detected by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>estern blot analysis. The percentage of degenerated cells was determined by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>luoro\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>ade <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> staining of brain slices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brains of rats with a chronic alcohol diet showed an increased gene and protein expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 and \u20104. The expression of the antiapoptotic protein <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>cl\u20102 in the brain of the alcohol\u2010treated animals was decreased significantly, whereas cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> release from mitochondria was increased. In addition increased neurodegeneration could be demonstrated in the alcohol\u2010treated animals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic alcohol consumption leads to a cerebral induction of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 and \u20104 with a simultaneous decrease in the antiapoptotic protein <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>cl\u20102, cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> release from mitochondria and increased neurodegeneration. This study reveals a compensatory effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 and \u20104 in the brain during chronic alcohol consumption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,25]],"date-time":"2013-06-25T21:55:10Z","timestamp":1372197310000},"page":"1650-1656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chronic Alcohol Consumption Increases the Expression of Uncoupling Protein\u20102 and \u20104 in the Brain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Jan A.","family":"Graw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte and Campus Virchow\u2010Klinikum Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clarissa","family":"von Haefen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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