{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T09:18:54Z","timestamp":1777540734021,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]],"date-time":"2013-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prenatal alcohol exposure can contribute to a wide range of neurodevelopmental impairments in children and adults including behavioral and neuropsychiatric disorders. In rhesus monkeys, we examined whether moderate\u2010level prenatal alcohol exposure would alter acoustic startle responses and prepulse inhibition (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>) of the acoustic startle. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> is a highly quantifiable measure of inhibitory neural processes or sensorimotor gating associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acoustic startle and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> of the acoustic startle were tested in 37 adult rhesus monkeys (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>acaca mulatta<\/jats:italic>) from 4 experimental conditions: (i) moderate\u2010level prenatal alcohol\u2010exposed, (ii) prenatally stressed, (iii) moderate\u2010level prenatal alcohol\u2010exposed\u00a0+\u00a0prenatally stressed, and (iv) sucrose controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prenatal alcohol\u2010exposed monkeys showed a higher magnitude of acoustic startle response and disrupted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> compared with monkeys not exposed to alcohol prenatally. Monkeys in all conditions showed higher hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPA<\/jats:styled-content>) axis responses after undergoing the startle procedure, but <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPA<\/jats:styled-content> responses were unrelated to startle response magnitude, latency, or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Finding altered <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> in monkeys prenatally exposed to a moderate dose of alcohol suggests that reduced sensorimotor gating is 1 effect of prenatal alcohol exposure. Because reduced sensorimotor gating is observed in many neuropsychiatric disorders, sensorimotor gating deficits could be an aspect of the comorbidity between fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and mental health conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]],"date-time":"2013-06-13T15:20:01Z","timestamp":1371136801000},"page":"1729-1736","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Moderate\u2010Level Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Enhances Acoustic Startle Magnitude and Disrupts Prepulse Inhibition in Adult Rhesus Monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Mary L.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"Harlow Center for Biological Psychology University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Wisconsin Madison 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