{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:07:02Z","timestamp":1790665622557,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]],"date-time":"2013-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content>) are a highly variable set of phenotypes caused by fetal alcohol exposure. Numerous factors influence <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content> phenotypes, including genetics. The zebrafish is a powerful vertebrate model system with which to identify these genetic factors. Many zebrafish mutants are housed at the Zebrafish International Resource Center (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIRC<\/jats:styled-content>). These mutants are readily accessible and an excellent source to screen for ethanol (EtOH)\u2010sensitive developmental structural mutants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We screened mutants obtained from ZIRC for sensitivity to EtOH teratogenesis. Embryos were treated with 1% EtOH (41\u00a0mM tissue levels) from 6\u00a0hours postfertilization onward. Levels of apoptosis were evaluated at 24\u00a0hours postfertilization. At 4\u00a0days postfertilization, the craniofacial skeleton, peripheral axon projections, and sensory neurons of neuromasts were examined. Fish were genotyped to determine whether there were phenotype\/genotype correlations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five of 20 loci interacted with EtOH. Notable among these was that <jats:italic>vangl2<\/jats:italic>, involved in convergent extension movements of the embryonic axis, interacted strongly with EtOH. Untreated <jats:italic>vangl2<\/jats:italic> mutants had normal craniofacial morphology, while severe midfacial defects including synophthalmia and narrowing of the palatal skeleton were found in all EtOH\u2010treated mutants and a low percentage of heterozygotes. The cell cycle gene, <jats:italic>plk1<\/jats:italic>, also interacted strongly with EtOH. Untreated mutants have slightly elevated levels of apoptosis and loss of ventral craniofacial elements. Exposure to EtOH results in extensive apoptosis along with loss of neural tissue and the entire craniofacial skeleton. Phenotypes of <jats:italic>hinfp, mars,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>foxi1<\/jats:italic> mutants were also exacerbated by EtOH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results provide insight into the gene\u2013EtOH interactions that may underlie EtOH teratogenesis. They support previous findings that EtOH disrupts elongation of the embryonic axis. Importantly, these results show that the zebrafish is an efficient model with which to test for gene\u2013EtOH interactions. Understanding these interactions will be crucial to understanding of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content> variation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]],"date-time":"2013-10-24T16:38:11Z","timestamp":1382632691000},"page":"694-703","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["A Screen of Zebrafish Mutants Identifies Ethanol\u2010Sensitive Genetic Loci"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Swartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Waggoner Center for Alcohol &amp; Addiction Research Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waggoner Center for Alcohol &amp; Addiction Research Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waggoner Center for Alcohol &amp; 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