{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:21:03Z","timestamp":1785770463015,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,11]],"date-time":"2014-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIAAA\/NIH","award":["1R03AA020170-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R03AA020170-01"]}]},{"name":"NIAAA\/NIH","award":["1P20AA017608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1P20AA017608"]}]},{"name":"NCRR\/NIH","award":["8UL1TR000041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8UL1TR000041"]}]},{"name":"Alcohol Beverage Medical Research Foundation (ABMRF)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Accurate identification of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE<\/jats:styled-content>) in the newborn period offers an opportunity for early identification of children at risk of future neurocognitive problems and the implementation of interventional approaches earlier in life. PAE<\/jats:styled-content> newborn screening by measuring phosphatidylethanol in dried blood spot (PE<\/jats:styled-content>th\u2010DBS<\/jats:styled-content>) cards is feasible, logistically easier, and more cost\u2010efficient compared with other biomarkers. However, the sensitivity and specificity of this method have yet to be established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>This prospective cohort study examined validity of PE<\/jats:styled-content>th\u2010DBS<\/jats:styled-content> among 28 infants with PAE<\/jats:styled-content> and 32 controls relative to maternal self\u2010report and other biomarkers. Pregnant women were recruited from a U<\/jats:styled-content>niversity of N<\/jats:styled-content>ew M<\/jats:styled-content>exico clinic and followed to early postpartum period. The composite index, which was based on self\u2010reported measures of alcohol use and allowed to classify subjects into PAE<\/jats:styled-content> and control groups, was the criterion measure used to estimate sensitivity and specificity of PE<\/jats:styled-content>th\u2010DBS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The study included large proportions of patients representing ethnic minorities (7.4% American Indian, 81.7% H<\/jats:styled-content>ispanic\/L<\/jats:styled-content>atina), low education (54.2% <high school), and unplanned pregnancy (90.0%). No differences in sociodemographic characteristics, smoking or illicit drug use were observed among the study groups. The sensitivity of maternal biomarkers (gamma glutamyltranspeptidase [GGT], % carbohydrate\u2010deficient transferrin [%CDT], urine ethyl glucuronide [UEtG], urine ethyl sulfate [UEtS]) was low (<15%) reflecting a moderate chronic or intermittent binge pattern of drinking in this cohort. PE<\/jats:styled-content>th\u2010DBS<\/jats:styled-content> demonstrated 100% specificity and the highest sensitivity (32.1%) compared with other biomarkers. A battery consisting of maternal direct ethanol metabolites (UE<\/jats:styled-content>tG, UE<\/jats:styled-content>tS, PE<\/jats:styled-content>th) and newborn PE<\/jats:styled-content>th\u2010DBS<\/jats:styled-content> increased sensitivity to 50% without a substantial drop in specificity (93.8%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Newborn PE<\/jats:styled-content>th\u2010DBS<\/jats:styled-content> is a highly specific biomarker and can facilitate accurate detection of PAE<\/jats:styled-content> in conjunction with other biomarkers. Minimal invasiveness, ease of storage and transportation of DBS<\/jats:styled-content> cards, absence of postcollection synthesis, cost savings, and potential integration with routine newborn screening are all unique advantages of this method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]],"date-time":"2014-02-12T10:39:09Z","timestamp":1392201549000},"page":"1078-1085","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["The Validity of Phosphatidylethanol in Dried Blood Spots of Newborns for the Identification of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ludmila N.","family":"Bakhireva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences UNM Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine UNM Albuquerque New 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