{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:04:40Z","timestamp":1790442280596,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]],"date-time":"2014-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AA019580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AA019580"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R33AA019580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R33AA019580"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Because prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with growth deficiency, little attention has been paid to the potential for overweight and obesity in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content>). This study examined the prevalence of overweight\/obesity (body mass index [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>]) in a large clinical sample of children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children, aged 2 to 19\u00a0years, who were evaluated for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content> at University Clinics, included 445 with an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis and 171 with No\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis. Prevalence of overweight\/obesity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> \u226585 percentile) was compared to national and state prevalence. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> was examined in relation to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis, gender, and age. Dietary intake data were examined for a young subsample (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a042).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010four percent with any <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis were overweight or obese, which did not differ from the No\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content> group or U.S. prevalence. Underweight was prevalent in those with fetal alcohol syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content>) (17%). However, increased rates of overweight\/obesity were seen in those with partial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content> (40%). Among adolescents, those with any <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis had increased overweight\/obesity (42%), particularly among females (50%). The rate in adolescent females with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content> (50%) was nearly 3 times higher than state prevalence for adolescent females (17 to 18%), <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001. In the young subsample, those who were overweight\/obese consumed more calories, protein, and total fat per day than those who were not overweight or obese.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rates of overweight\/obesity are increased in children with partial FAS. In adolescents, rates are increased for any FASD diagnosis (particularly in females). Results are suggestive of possible metabolic\/endocrine disruption in FASD\u2014a hypothesis for which there is evidence from animal models. These data suggest that clinicians may consider prenatal alcohol exposure as a risk factor for metabolic\/endocrine disruption, should evaluate diet as a risk in this population, and may need to target interventions to females prior to puberty to effect changes in overweight\u2010related outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]],"date-time":"2014-08-26T15:33:08Z","timestamp":1409067188000},"page":"2502-2508","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Overweight and Obesity Among Children and Adolescents with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Anita J.","family":"Fuglestad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Boys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pi\u2010Nian","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley S.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith K.","family":"Eckerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Deling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit 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