{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T14:03:03Z","timestamp":1784728983397,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":193,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03AA020577-01; R03DK099427: K08DK084111; Ul1 TR000002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03AA020577-01; R03DK099427: K08DK084111; Ul1 TR000002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcohol Clin Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]],"date-time":"2015-02-20T11:24:56Z","timestamp":1424431496000},"page":"566-574","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Ethnic Differences in Presentation and Severity of Alcoholic Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Levy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; University of California Davis; Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea M.","family":"Catana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; University of California Davis; Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blythe","family":"Durbin-Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences; Division of Biostatistics; University of California Davis; Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Halsted","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; University of California Davis; Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Medici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; University of California Davis; Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0001|acer12660-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome - a new worldwide definition","volume":"366","author":"Alberti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0002|acer12660-cit-0002","volume-title":"Electronic DSM-IV-TR Plus, in Series Electronic DSM-IV-TR Plus, pp 1 CD-ROM","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0003|acer12660-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.6.845","article-title":"Drinking habits as cofactors of risk for alcohol induced liver damage. The Dionysos Study Group","volume":"41","author":"Bellentani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0004|acer12660-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20466","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity","volume":"40","author":"Browning","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0005|acer12660-cit-0005","volume-title":"Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders in the United States: Main Findings from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), in Series Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders in the United States: Main Findings from","author":"Chen","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0006|acer12660-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.1.155","article-title":"Alcohol intake and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism modify the relation of folate intake to plasma homocysteine","volume":"82","author":"Chiuve","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0007|acer12660-cit-0007","first-page":"362","volume-title":"Hispanics and the Future of America","author":"Escarce","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0008|acer12660-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00816.x","article-title":"MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risk of HCC in patients with liver cirrhosis: role of male gender and alcohol consumption","volume":"33","author":"Fabris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0009|acer12660-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02022.x","article-title":"Risk factors for chronic liver disease in Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Whites in the United States: results from NHANES IV, 1999-2004","volume":"103","author":"Flores","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0010|acer12660-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1204714","article-title":"Clinical practice. Alcohol use in adults","volume":"368","author":"Friedmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0011|acer12660-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01617.x","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms of genes coding to alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in western Mexicans: association of CYP2E1*c2\/CYP2E1*5B allele with cirrhosis and liver function","volume":"36","author":"Garcia-Banuelos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0012|acer12660-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01075.x","article-title":"Polymorphisms of alcohol metabolizing enzymes in indigenous Mexican population: unusual high frequency of CYP2E1*c2 allele","volume":"34","author":"Gordillo-Bastidas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0013|acer12660-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.83.3.701","article-title":"Prevalence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677T and 1298C alleles and folate status: a comparative study in Mexican, West African, and European populations","volume":"83","author":"Gueant-Rodriguez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0014|acer12660-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.000661","article-title":"Vitamin-dependent methionine metabolism and alcoholic liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Halsted","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0015|acer12660-cit-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.4.518","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994","volume":"21","author":"Harris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0016|acer12660-cit-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.7.830","article-title":"Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"64","author":"Hasin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0017|acer12660-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.02.009","article-title":"Polymorphism in cytochrome P450 2E1 and interaction with other genetic risk factors and susceptibility to alcoholic liver cirrhosis","volume":"664","author":"Khan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0018|acer12660-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit672","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in US Hispanic\/Latino adults: results from the NHANES 2007-2010 and HCHS\/SOL studies","volume":"209","author":"Kuniholm","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0019|acer12660-cit-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.171","article-title":"The global NAFLD epidemic","volume":"10","author":"Loomba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0020|acer12660-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90401-8","article-title":"Corticosteroid therapy of alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"75","author":"Maddrey","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0021|acer12660-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480907501008","article-title":"A disease-based comparison of liver transplantation outcomes","volume":"75","author":"Mailey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0022|acer12660-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a044862","article-title":"Longevity among ethnic groups in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"24","author":"Mendenhall","year":"1989","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0023|acer12660-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270637","article-title":"Role of alcohol in the progression of liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"27","author":"Ostapowicz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0024|acer12660-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.257","article-title":"Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"40","author":"Romeo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0025|acer12660-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/40.8.1641","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of laboratory tests in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"40","author":"Rosman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0026|acer12660-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgh147","article-title":"The MTHFR 677C > T polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis","volume":"25","author":"Saffroy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0027|acer12660-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5S","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05174.x","article-title":"Conventional and coming laboratory markers of alcoholism and heavy drinking","volume":"10","author":"Salaspuro","year":"1986","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0028|acer12660-cit-0028","first-page":"801","article-title":"Social epidemiology of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis mortality in the United States, 1935-1997: trends and differentials by ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and alcohol consumption","volume":"72","author":"Singh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0029|acer12660-cit-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.19.2236","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in alcohol-associated aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase elevation","volume":"162","author":"Stewart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0030|acer12660-cit-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.488","article-title":"Variant in PNPLA3 is associated with alcoholic liver disease","volume":"42","author":"Tian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0031|acer12660-cit-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.6.649","article-title":"Epidemiology of alcohol-related liver and pancreatic disease in the United States","volume":"168","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0032|acer12660-cit-0032","volume-title":"Surveillance Report 83, Liver Cirrhosis Mortality in the United States, 1970-2005, in Series Surveillance Report 83, Liver Cirrhosis Mortality in the United States, 1970-2005","author":"Yoon","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0033|acer12660-cit-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01340.x","article-title":"Alcohol-related and viral hepatitis C-related cirrhosis mortality among Hispanic subgroups in the United States, 2000-2004","volume":"35","author":"Yoon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0034|acer12660-cit-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.09.012","article-title":"Population-based genome-wide association studies reveal six loci influencing plasma levels of liver enzymes","volume":"83","author":"Yuan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.12660-BIB0035|acer12660-cit-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54188","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054188","article-title":"Roles of cytochrome P4502E1 gene polymorphisms and the risks of alcoholic liver disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Facer.12660","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.12660\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]],"date-time":"2022-04-30T09:09:15Z","timestamp":1651309755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.12660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.12660","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]]}}}