{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T09:07:09Z","timestamp":1792228029858,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,14]],"date-time":"2015-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 AA015137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 AA015137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000925","name":"John Templeton Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["27997"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27997"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The developmental need to fit in may lead to higher alcohol and other drug use among socially anxious youths which exacerbates the drink\/trouble cycle. In treatment, youths with social anxiety disorder (SAD) may avoid participating in therapeutic activities with risk of negative peer appraisal. Peer\u2010helping is a low\u2010intensity, social activity in the 12\u2010step program associated with greater abstinence among treatment\u2010seeking adults. This study examined the influence of SAD on clinical severity at intake, peer\u2010helping during treatment, and outcomes in a large sample of adolescents court\u2010referred to residential treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adolescents (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0195; 52% female, 30% Black) aged 14 to 18 were prospectively assessed at treatment admission, treatment discharge, and 6\u00a0months after treatment discharge. Data were collected using rater\u2010administered assessments, youth reports, clinician reports, medical charts, and electronic court records. The influence of SAD on peer\u2010helping and outcomes was examined using hierarchical linear regression and event history methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010two percent of youths reported a persistent fear of being humiliated or scrutinized in social situations, and 15% met current diagnostic criteria for SAD. SAD onset preceded initial use for two\u2010thirds of youths with SAD and substance dependency. SAD youths presented for treatment with greater clinical severity in terms of earlier age of first use (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01), greater lifetime use of heroin and polysubstance use (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05), incarceration history (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01), and lifetime trauma (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). Twelve\u2010step participation patterns during treatment did not differ between youths with and without SAD except for peer\u2010helping, which was associated with reduced risk of relapse (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01) and incarceration (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) in the 6\u00a0months posttreatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study found evidence of an association between SAD and earlier age of first use, greater lifetime use of heroin, incarceration history, and lifetime trauma. SAD was associated with higher service participation during treatment, which was associated with reduced risk of relapse and incarceration in the 6\u00a0months posttreatment. Findings indicate the benefits of service participation for juveniles with SAD which provides a nonjudgmental, task\u2010focused venue for developing sober networks in the transition back into the community.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,14]],"date-time":"2015-04-14T19:04:30Z","timestamp":1429038270000},"page":"887-895","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Social Anxiety and Peer Helping in Adolescent Addiction Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4406-8894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria E.","family":"Pagano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Division of Child Psychiatry Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra R.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brieana M.","family":"Rowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Division of Child Psychiatry Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology University of Akron Akron Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byron R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Studies on Religion Baylor University Waco Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"It Sure Beats Sitting in a Cell","author":"Alcoholics Anonymous","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How Many Thousands of Men and Women Have Recovered from Alcoholism","author":"Alcoholics Anonymous","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01201.x","article-title":"Validity study of Kessler's psychological distress scales conducted among patients admitted to French emergency department for alcohol consumption\u2010related disorders","volume":"34","author":"Arnaud M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Social Psychology","author":"Aronson E","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"150","volume-title":"Treatment Matching in Alcoholism","author":"Babor TF","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2008.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.6.1179"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2007.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"Gender differences in adolescents entering residential substance abuse treatment","volume":"21","author":"Carruthers KA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146511433507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07347320802347145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Men, Women, and Relationships: Making Peace with the Opposite Sex","author":"Gray J","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument\u2010second version. 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