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At least 2 factors contributed to the delay in recognizing alcohol's role in teratogenicity: the rejection of earlier evidence pertaining to alcohol and pregnancy following the repeal of Prohibition in the United States, Canada, and several European countries; and misinterpretation of earlier research findings in a eugenic rather than toxicological context. The pervasive belief held well into the 1970s that there was no risk to either mother or fetus from prenatal alcohol posed a major challenge to changing physician and public attitudes on alcohol and pregnancy. This review provides insight on key events that occurred in changing physician and public understanding of the risks posed by prenatal alcohol use in pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Historical review of events primarily in the U.S. federal government, found in referenced documents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The transition in physician and public understanding of the risks posed by prenatal alcohol use was aided by the existence of National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIAAA<\/jats:styled-content>) which was created in 1971. This government agency was able to support research on alcohol and pregnancy immediately following the 1973 published clinical reports calling attention to a proposed fetal alcohol syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content>). These early research studies provided the foundation for the first government health advisory on alcohol and pregnancy, issued by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIAAA<\/jats:styled-content> in 1977. Subsequently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDA<\/jats:styled-content>) used this new knowledge on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content> in their effort to add alcoholic beverages to the range of products with ingredient and consumer information labeling. The ensuing hearings and actions resulted in a new health advisory under the auspices of the Surgeon General, encouraging avoidance of alcohol consumption in pregnancy. In subsequent years, Congressional attention to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content> issue resulted in the Alcoholic Beverage Labeling Law.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pace at which understanding of the risks of prenatal alcohol moved forward from a total misunderstanding to acceptance was aided by both the efforts of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIAAA<\/jats:styled-content> in its support of research, and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDA<\/jats:styled-content> in its efforts to improve consumer information. Today, many women in the United States as well as other countries continue to ignore advisories on avoiding alcohol consumption in pregnancy, emphasizing the need for persistence in education on these health risks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]],"date-time":"2015-07-03T21:53:36Z","timestamp":1435960416000},"page":"1110-1117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["A Review of the History of Attitudes Toward Drinking in Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Kenneth R.","family":"Warren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism  National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008231"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/34.6.868"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","unstructured":"Alcoholic Beverage Labeling Law(1988)Para 215 Labeling Requirements. 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