{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T06:42:45Z","timestamp":1696574565351},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]],"date-time":"2015-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA\u2010AA000218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA\u2010AA000218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abnormalities of the hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010thyroid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPT<\/jats:styled-content>) axis have been reported in alcoholism; however, there is no definitive agreement on the specific thyroid abnormalities and their underlying mechanisms in alcohol dependence. The biological activity of thyroid hormones or the availability of T3 is regulated by the three deiodinase enzymes: D1, D2, and D3. In the context of alcohol use, functionally significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNP<\/jats:styled-content>s) of these deiodinase genes may play a role in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPT<\/jats:styled-content> dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study explored the effect of three functionally significant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNP<\/jats:styled-content>s (D1: rs2235544, D2: rs225014, and rs12885300) of deiodinase genes on drinking behavior and thyroid\u2010stimulating hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSH<\/jats:styled-content>) levels in alcohol\u2010dependent (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0521) and control subjects (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0288).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rs225014 was associated with significant differences in the amount of naturalistic alcohol drinking assessed by Timeline Follow Back. Alcohol\u2010dependent subjects had significantly higher TSH levels compared to controls; however, there was no effect of genotype on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSH<\/jats:styled-content> levels for either group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings extend previous studies on thyroid dysfunction in alcoholism and provide novel, albeit preliminary, information by linking functionally significant genetic polymorphisms of the deiodinase enzymes with alcohol\u2010drinking behavior.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]],"date-time":"2015-07-24T12:48:28Z","timestamp":1437742108000},"page":"1665-1670","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Functionally Significant Deiodinase Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Drinking Behavior in Alcohol Dependence: An Exploratory Investigation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Mary R.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology  National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie L.","family":"Schwandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies  National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jared W.","family":"Bollinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology  National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra A.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology  National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily N.","family":"Oot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology  National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurogenetics  National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health Bethesda 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