{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:31:44Z","timestamp":1762079504606},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]],"date-time":"2015-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Antidrug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carbohydrate\u2010deficient transferrin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content>) is a well\u2010recognized highly specific marker of chronic alcohol abuse. The association of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content> with alcohol\u2010related traffic accidents was evaluated to objectively validate the use of this marker for certifying the physical fitness for driving license regranting after its confiscation for drunk driving.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was carried out on 468 injured drivers (InjDr), who underwent mandatory blood alcohol concentration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAC<\/jats:styled-content>) and drug analysis in biological fluids. The InjDr group was divided into 2 subgroups on the basis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAC<\/jats:styled-content> legal limit adopted in Italy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAC<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.5\u00a0g\/l: InjDr<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAC<\/jats:styled-content> &gt;0.5\u00a0g\/l: InjDr<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). The control group (CntDr) included 236 subjects holding safety\u2010sensitive job positions and undergoing mandatory toxicological analyses. The determination of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAC<\/jats:styled-content> in blood and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content> in serum were performed using validated analytical methods based on head\u2010space gas chromatography and high\u2010performance liquid chromatography, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The evaluation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content> distribution in the 3 groups (CntDr, InjDr<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, InjDr<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) showed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content> distribution in the InjDr<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> group was similar to that observed in the CntDr group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.159) and different from that observed in the InjDr<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Partitioning the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content> data of each group into \u201c<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content> positives\u201d and \u201c<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content> negatives\u201d on the basis of the cut off (1.90%), it was possible to calculate the odds of the 3 groups and then the odds ratios. The odds ratio of InjDr<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> versus CntDr was 4.56 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.158), whereas the odds ratio of InjDr<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> versus CntDr was 132 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Furthermore, a dose\u2013response effect was found only when comparing InjDr<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> with CntDr.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data of the present study strongly support the use of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDT<\/jats:styled-content> test to evaluate the risk of a subject to be involved in a road accident while driving under the influence of alcohol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]],"date-time":"2015-10-27T11:51:42Z","timestamp":1445946702000},"page":"2108-2114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["First Objective Association Between Elevated Carbohydrate\u2010Deficient Transferrin Concentrations and Alcohol\u2010Related Traffic Accidents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Bortolotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Community Medicine  Unit of Forensic Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rocco","family":"Micciolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science  University of Trento Rovereto Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Canal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science  University of Trento Rovereto Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Tagliaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Community Medicine  Unit of Forensic Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580903163269"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agq006"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of the drinking driver in traffic accidents (The Grand Rapid Study)","volume":"11","author":"Borkenstein RF","year":"1974","journal-title":"Blutalkohol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.051805"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2006.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Biomarkers for the identification of alcohol use\/abuse: a critical review","volume":"23","author":"Bortolotti F","year":"2011","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(02)00153-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2007.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00177-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Alcohol limits and public safety","volume":"26","author":"Canfield DV","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2009.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"Concentrations of carbohydrate\u2010deficient transferrin in dialysed plasma from drunken drivers","volume":"22","author":"Gjerde H","year":"1987","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Evaluation of an increased blood level of GGT, CDT, methanol, acetone and isopropanol in alcohol intoxicated automobile drivers. 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