{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:32:06Z","timestamp":1791232326527,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,11]],"date-time":"2015-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08 DK081830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 DK081830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AA020703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA020703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AA021856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AA021856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007496","name":"Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, VA Office of Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01BX002213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01BX002213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007496","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aim is to investigate the physiological relevance of the intestinal microbiota in alcohol\u2010induced liver injury. Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with intestinal bacterial overgrowth, increased intestinal permeability, and translocation of microbial products from the intestine to the portal circulation and liver. Translocated microbial products contribute to experimental alcoholic liver disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We subjected germ\u2010free and conventional C57<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>\/6 mice to a model of acute alcohol exposure that mimics binge drinking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Germ\u2010free mice showed significantly greater liver injury and inflammation after oral gavage of ethanol (EtOH) compared with conventional mice. In parallel, germ\u2010free mice exhibited increased hepatic steatosis and up\u2010regulated expression of genes involved in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis compared with conventional mice after acute EtOH administration. The absence of microbiota was also associated with increased hepatic expression of EtOH\u2010metabolizing enzymes, which led to faster EtOH elimination from the blood and lower plasma EtOH concentrations. Intestinal levels of EtOH\u2010metabolizing genes showed regional expression differences and were overall higher in germ\u2010free mice relative to conventional mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that absence of the intestinal microbiota increases hepatic EtOH metabolism and the susceptibility to binge\u2010like alcohol drinking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,11]],"date-time":"2015-11-11T07:34:55Z","timestamp":1447227295000},"page":"2313-2323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Microbiota Protects Mice Against Acute Alcohol\u2010Induced Liver Injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology Southern Medical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Mazagova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuei\u2010Chuan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Eckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla 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