{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T16:42:55Z","timestamp":1776012175752,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Program at the Washington State University","award":["13B-2550-1279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13B-2550-1279"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Circadian rhythms are essential for adapting to the environment. Chronic alcohol consumption often leads to sleep and circadian disruptions, which may impair the life quality of individuals with alcohol use disorders and contribute to the morbidity associated with alcoholism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used a pair\u2010feeding liquid diet\u00a0alcohol exposure protocol (6\u00a0weeks duration) in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PER<\/jats:styled-content>1::<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LUC<\/jats:styled-content> transgenic rats to examine the effects of chronic alcohol exposure on: (i) diurnal rhythms of core body temperature and locomotor activity, (ii) plasma corticosterone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CORT<\/jats:styled-content>) concentrations, and (iii) rhythms of ex\u00a0vivo <jats:italic> Period1 (Per1)<\/jats:italic> expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCN<\/jats:styled-content>), pituitary, and adrenal glands. We followed multiple circadian outputs not only to examine individual components, but also to assess the relative phase relationships among rhythms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that chronic alcohol consumption: (i) reduced 24\u2010hour body temperature and locomotor activity counts in the dark period, (ii) advanced the acrophase of diurnal rhythms of body temperature and locomotor activity, (iii) abolished the phase difference between temperature and activity rhythms, (iv) blunted and advanced the diurnal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CORT<\/jats:styled-content> rhythm, and (v) advanced <jats:italic>Per1<\/jats:italic> expression in the adrenal and pituitary glands but not in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCN<\/jats:styled-content>. We found that chronic alcohol altered the phase relationships among diurnal rhythms and between the central (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCN<\/jats:styled-content>) and peripheral (adrenal and pituitary) molecular clocks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that desynchrony among internal rhythms is an important and overlooked aspect of alcohol\u2010induced circadian disruptions. The misalignment of phases among rhythms may compromise normal physiological functions and put individuals with chronic alcohol use at greater risk for developing other physical and mental health issues. How this desynchrony occurs and the extent to which it participates in alcohol\u2010related pathologies requires further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]],"date-time":"2016-02-08T02:02:14Z","timestamp":1454896934000},"page":"291-300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Chronic Alcohol Consumption in Rats Leads to Desynchrony in Diurnal Rhythms and Molecular Clocks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programs in Neuroscience Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve M.","family":"Simasko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programs in Neuroscience Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience College of 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