{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:42:56Z","timestamp":1787013776254,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001443","name":"ABMRF\/The Foundation for Alcohol Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["60034780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["60034780"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001443","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Ethanol (EtOH) exposure in neonate rats during a period comparable to the human third trimester, postnatal days (\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 4 to 9, leads to persistent deficits in forebrain\u2010dependent cognitive function\u2014modeling the dysfunction seen in individuals diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. EtOH\u2010exposed adult rats are impaired in auditory trace fear conditioning (\n TFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), a form of Pavlovian conditioning in which a neutral conditioned stimulus (\n CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ; tone) is followed by an aversive unconditioned stimulus (\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n ; footshock), with both stimuli separated in time by a stimulus\u2010free \u201ctrace\u201d interval (\n TI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n TFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n acquisition depends on\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010methyl\u2010\n d<\/jats:sc>\n \u2010aspartate\n NMDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n receptor (\n NMDAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) activation in the dorsal hippocampus (\n DH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), ventral hippocampus (\n VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and medial prefrontal cortex (\n mPFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Male and female rat pups were sham\u2010intubated (\n SI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) or intragastrically intubated with EtOH (5E; 5\u00a0g\/kg\/d) over\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4 to 9 and, as adults, submitted to\n TFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n with a 15\u2010second tone\n CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 30\u2010second\n TI<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Whole\u2010cell tissue lysates from the\n DH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n mPFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n of\n TFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n rats and\n DH<\/jats:styled-content>\n synaptic\/extrasynaptic membrane fractions from experimentally na\u00efve animals were analyzed via Western blot for\n NMDAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n subunit (GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B) expression.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Freezing behavior during\n CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010alone test trials was significantly reduced in both male and female 5E rats, relative to same\u2010sex controls. Western blot results based on\n DH<\/jats:styled-content>\n tissue samples revealed a greater proportion of GluN2A to GluN2B subunits in 5E rats, relative to\n SI<\/jats:styled-content>\n rats, and significantly reduced synaptic GluN2B and\n PSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201095 expression.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n EtOH\u2010induced changes in\n DH NMDAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n subunit expression\u2014particularly synaptic GluN2B, which is critical for\n TFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2014are proposed to weaken long\u2010term memory consolidation and, during behavioral testing, diminish\n CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010evoked freezing behavior.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,7]],"date-time":"2016-02-07T21:02:14Z","timestamp":1454878934000},"page":"309-318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Neonatal Ethanol Exposure Impairs Trace Fear 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