{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:54:30Z","timestamp":1780469670299,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,20]],"date-time":"2016-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM076990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM076990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prenatal alcohol exposure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content>) can result in an array of morphological, behavioral, and neurobiological deficits that can range in their severity. Despite extensive research in the field and a significant progress made, especially in understanding the range of possible malformations and neurobehavioral abnormalities, the molecular mechanisms of alcohol responses in development are still not well understood. There have been multiple transcriptomic studies looking at the changes in gene expression after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content> in animal models; however, there is a limited apparent consensus among the reported findings. In an effort to address this issue, we performed a comprehensive re\u2010analysis and meta\u2010analysis of all suitable, publically available expression data sets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assembled 10 microarray data sets of gene expression after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content> in mouse and rat models consisting of samples from a total of 63 ethanol (EtOH)\u2010exposed and 80 control animals. We re\u2010analyzed each data set for differential expression and then used the results to perform meta\u2010analyses considering all data sets together or grouping them by time or duration of exposure (pre\u2010 and postnatal, acute and chronic, respectively). We performed network and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis to further characterize the identified signatures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For each subanalysis, we identified signatures of differential expressed genes that show support from multiple studies. Overall, the changes in gene expression were more extensive after acute EtOH treatment during prenatal development than in other models. Considering the analysis of all the data together, we identified a robust core signature of 104 genes down\u2010regulated after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content>, with no up\u2010regulated genes. Functional analysis reveals over representation of genes involved in protein synthesis, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> splicing, and chromatin organization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our meta\u2010analysis shows that existing studies, despite superficial dissimilarity in findings, share features that allow us to identify a common core signature set of transcriptome changes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content>. This is an important step to identifying the biological processes that underlie the etiology of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,21]],"date-time":"2016-03-21T04:38:53Z","timestamp":1458535133000},"page":"717-727","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Meta\u2010Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns in Animal Models of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Suggests Role for Protein Synthesis Inhibition and Chromatin Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Sanja","family":"Rogic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Michael Smith Laboratories University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albertina","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Michael Smith Laboratories University of British 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