{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:26:19Z","timestamp":1792679179719,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,25]],"date-time":"2016-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010AA016624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010AA016624"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol intoxication is known to impair decision making in a variety of situations. Previous neuroimaging evidence suggests that the neurofunctional system subserving controlled processing is especially vulnerable to alcohol in conflict\u2010evoking tasks. The present study investigated the effects of moderate alcohol intoxication on the spatiotemporal neural dynamics of event\u2010related total theta (4 to 7\u00a0Hz) power as a function of task difficulty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two variants of the Simon task manipulated incongruity via simple spatial stimulus\u2010response mismatch and, in a more difficult version, by combining spatial and semantic interference. Healthy social drinkers participated in both alcohol (0.6\u00a0g\/kg ethanol for men, 0.55\u00a0g\/kg for women) and placebo conditions in a counterbalanced design. Whole\u2010head magnetoencephalography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEG<\/jats:styled-content>) signals were acquired and event\u2010related total theta power was calculated on each trial with Morlet wavelets.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEG<\/jats:styled-content>sources were estimated using anatomically constrained, noise\u2010normalized, spectral dynamic statistical parametric mapping.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Longer reaction times and lower accuracy confirmed the difficulty manipulation. Response conflict (incongruity) increased and alcohol intoxication decreased event\u2010related theta power overall during both tasks bilaterally in the medial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices. However, alcohol\u2010induced theta suppression was selective for conflict only in the more difficult task which engaged the dorsal anterior cingulate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dAC<\/jats:styled-content>) and anterior inferolateral prefrontal cortices. Theta power correlated negatively with drinking levels and disinhibition, suggesting that cognitive control is susceptible in more impulsive individuals with higher alcohol intake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The spatiotemporal theta profile across the 2 tasks supports the concept of a rostrocaudal activity gradient in the medial prefrontal cortex that is modulated by task difficulty, with the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dAC<\/jats:styled-content>as the key node in the network subserving cognitive control. Conflict\u2010related theta power was selectively reduced by alcohol only under the more difficult task which is indicative of the alcohol\u2010induced impairment of conflict monitoring and top\u2010down regulation. Compromised executive control under alcohol may underlie a range of adverse effects including reduced competency in conflict\u2010inducing or complex situations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,25]],"date-time":"2016-03-25T10:54:48Z","timestamp":1458903288000},"page":"743-752","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Alcohol Hits You When It Is Hard: Intoxication, Task Difficulty, and Theta Brain Oscillations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Burke Q.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of California, San Diego San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nevena","family":"Padovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Language and Cognitive Neuroscience Program University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ksenija","family":"Marinkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology San Diego State University San Diego California"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California, San Diego San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(99)00245-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.7.4.356"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.7.4.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.3.476"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.07.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81138-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.1.279"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1978.43.3f.1247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/IJDHD.2007.6.2.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62309-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/7.4.374"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874440000802010065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.20020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2007.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/21645"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142659"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3038-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245951"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043957"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195100945.003.0008","volume-title":"The Pharmacology of Alcohol and Alcohol Dependence","author":"Maltzman I","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/36.6.529"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3173-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00121"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-014-0361-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2008.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","unstructured":"H Moskowitz D Fiorentino 2000 US Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Washington DC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000247609.36482.ae"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2478"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00164.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.70.2.453"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/6.3.342"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(01)00266-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-62619-6.00023-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2011.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100301"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1975.36.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00930-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4151-04.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0030478"}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Facer.13014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.13014","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acer.13014","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.13014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T08:37:32Z","timestamp":1718440652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.13014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,25]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.13014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.13014","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008","1530-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,25]]}}}