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In addition, mediation analyses assessed the extent to which significant associations between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content> and alcohol use operated indirectly, through influences of the parental environment and\/or childhood measures of emotional and behavioral health (EBH).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Earlier <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content> significantly predicted never drinking by age 18, but was not associated with other measures of alcohol use behavior among young adult drinkers (i.e., Self\u2010Rating of the Effects of Alcohol, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TR<\/jats:styled-content> Criteria for Alcohol Dependence). The association between earlier <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content> and never drinking by age 18 was moderated by sex, such that females born early were less likely to have ever had a drink by age 18. In the full sample, childhood measures of EBH were found to mediate the association between earlier <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content> and never drinking by age 18. This association was not mediated by parenting factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Earlier <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content> is associated with never drinking alcohol in early adulthood, in females. Emotional and behavioral difficulties experienced in early childhood may mediate the relationship between earlier <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content> and never drinking by age 18.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]],"date-time":"2016-05-07T14:38:52Z","timestamp":1462631932000},"page":"1328-1338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations Between Gestational Age at Birth and Alcohol Use in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3503-1731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth K.","family":"Do","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Center for Clinical and Translational Research Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn J.","family":"Latendresse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Baylor University Waco Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexis C.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth S.","family":"Kendler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle M.","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychology African American Studies, and Human and Molecular 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