{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:07:44Z","timestamp":1789967264989,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21AA023273-01A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21AA023273-01A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcohol Clin Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]],"date-time":"2016-06-02T13:20:25Z","timestamp":1464873625000},"page":"1390-1402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcoholic Hepatitis: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ashwani K.","family":"Singal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Kodali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee A.","family":"Vucovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UAB Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Darley-Usmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Schiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Liver Diseases; Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York City New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0001|acer13108-cit-0001","first-page":"271","article-title":"Hepatic artery duplex Doppler ultrasound in severe alcoholic hepatitis and correlation with Maddrey's discriminant function","volume":"28","author":"Abhilash","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0002|acer13108-cit-0002","first-page":"871","article-title":"A prospective randomized clinical trial of peripheral amino acid-glucose supplementation in acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"82","author":"Achord","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0003|acer13108-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-013-0043-4","article-title":"Management of alcohol dependence in patients with liver disease","volume":"27","author":"Addolorato","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0004|acer13108-cit-0004","first-page":"612A","article-title":"Evaluation and management of alcoholic hepatitis: a survey of current practices","volume":"50","author":"Ahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0005|acer13108-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20189","article-title":"Pentoxifylline improves short-term survival in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"119","author":"Akriviadis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0006|acer13108-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.09.011","article-title":"Acute kidney injury is an early predictor of mortality for patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"10","author":"Altamirano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0007|acer13108-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.141","article-title":"The amount of alcohol consumption negatively impacts short-term mortality in Mexican patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"106","author":"Altamirano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0008|acer13108-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.018","article-title":"A histologic scoring system for prognosis of patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"146","author":"Altamirano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0009|acer13108-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26185","article-title":"Extracorporeal albumin dialysis with the molecular adsorbent recirculating system in acute-on-chronic liver failure: the RELIEF trial","volume":"57","author":"Banares","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0010|acer13108-cit-0010","first-page":"S176","article-title":"Trial role of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in steroid nonresponsive severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled prospective clinical pilot trial-mash","volume":"109","author":"Basu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0011|acer13108-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140625","article-title":"Insulin and glucagon infusion in acute alcoholic hepatitis: a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Bird","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0012|acer13108-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(88)80005-9","article-title":"Randomised controlled double-blind trial of the calcium channel antagonist amlodipine in the treatment of acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"28","author":"Bird","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0013|acer13108-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01072499","article-title":"Adrenocorticosteroid therapy in alcoholic hepatitis. A prospective, double-blind randomized study","volume":"22","author":"Blitzer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0014|acer13108-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.08.057","article-title":"A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of etanercept in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"135","author":"Boetticher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0015|acer13108-cit-0015","first-page":"1200","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with parenteral nutrition and oxandrolone. I. Short-term effects on liver function","volume":"86","author":"Bonkovsky","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0016|acer13108-cit-0016","first-page":"769","article-title":"Treatment of acute alcoholic hepatitis with prednisolone. 45 patients","volume":"16","author":"Bories","year":"1987","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0017|acer13108-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.8627","article-title":"Short- and long-term outcome of severe alcohol-induced hepatitis treated with steroids or enteral nutrition: a multicenter randomized trial","volume":"32","author":"Cabre","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0018|acer13108-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(85)80762-5","article-title":"Controlled trial of nutritional supplementation, with and without branched chain amino acid enrichment, in treatment of acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"1","author":"Calvey","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0019|acer13108-cit-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-79-5-625","article-title":"Prednisone therapy of acute alcoholic hepatitis. Report of a controlled trial","volume":"79","author":"Campra","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0020|acer13108-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-110-9-685","article-title":"Methylprednisolone therapy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. A randomized multicenter trial","volume":"110","author":"Carithers","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0021|acer13108-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.1.113","article-title":"Glucocorticoids are ineffective in alcoholic hepatitis: a meta-analysis adjusting for confounding variables","volume":"37","author":"Christensen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0023|acer13108-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.141562","article-title":"Pentoxifylline plus prednisolone versus pentoxifylline only for severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"De","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Med Health Sci Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0022|acer13108-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.1613","article-title":"Pentoxifylline versus prednisolone for severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"De","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0024|acer13108-cit-0024","first-page":"7","article-title":"Alcohol consumption in demographic subpopulations: an epidemiologic overview","volume":"38","author":"Delker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0025|acer13108-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90867-7","article-title":"Double-blind controlled trial of prednisolone therapy in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis and spontaneous encephalopathy","volume":"78","author":"Depew","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0026|acer13108-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840050114","article-title":"Effect of parenteral amino acid supplementation in alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"5","author":"Diehl","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0027|acer13108-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02104.x","article-title":"A new scoring system for prognostic stratification of patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"103","author":"Dominguez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0028|acer13108-cit-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20503","article-title":"MELD accurately predicts mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"41","author":"Dunn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0029|acer13108-cit-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20475","article-title":"Low-grade steatosis and major changes in portal flow as new prognostic factors in steroid-treated alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"40","author":"Duvoux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0030|acer13108-cit-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12798","article-title":"Nutritional therapy in cirrhosis or alcoholic hepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Fialla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0033|acer13108-cit-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-262","article-title":"Steroids or pentoxifylline for alcoholic hepatitis (STOPAH): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Forrest","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0031|acer13108-cit-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.050781","article-title":"Analysis of factors predictive of mortality in alcoholic hepatitis and derivation and validation of the Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score","volume":"54","author":"Forrest","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0032|acer13108-cit-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.645","article-title":"Comparison of the Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score and the ABIC score for the assessment of alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"105","author":"Forrest","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0034|acer13108-cit-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.09.011","article-title":"Invasive aspergillosis in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"60","author":"Gustot","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0035|acer13108-cit-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80257-6","article-title":"Double-blind, controlled trial of propylthiouracil in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"82","author":"Halle","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0036|acer13108-cit-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200205000-00019","article-title":"Duplex Doppler ultrasound of the hepatic artery in patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"34","author":"Han","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0037|acer13108-cit-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000458","article-title":"Effects of probiotics (cultured Lactobacillus subtilis\/Streptococcus faecium) in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis: randomized-controlled multicenter study","volume":"27","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0038|acer13108-cit-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-13-55","article-title":"White cell count and platelet count associate with histological alcoholic hepatitis in jaundiced harmful drinkers","volume":"13","author":"Hardy","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0039|acer13108-cit-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24208","article-title":"Liver transplantation for alcoholic hepatitis: a survey of liver transplant centers","volume":"21","author":"Hasanin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0040|acer13108-cit-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-74-3-311","article-title":"Alcoholic hepatitis. Natural history and evaluation of prednisolone therapy","volume":"74","author":"Helman","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0041|acer13108-cit-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4975","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i16.4975","article-title":"Metadoxine improves the three- and six-month survival rates in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"21","author":"Higuera-de la Tijera","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0042|acer13108-cit-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12939","article-title":"Corticosteroids and occurrence of and mortality from infections in severe alcoholic hepatitis: a meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"36","author":"Hmoud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0043|acer13108-cit-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13586","article-title":"Early liver transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis in the United States-a single-center experience","volume":"16","author":"Im","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB3000|acer13108-cit-3000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-4-299","article-title":"Do corticosteroids reduce mortality from alcoholic hepatitis? A meta-analysis of the randomized trials","volume":"113","author":"Imperiale","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0044|acer13108-cit-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.03066.x","article-title":"Corticosteroids are effective in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"94","author":"Imperiale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0045|acer13108-cit-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000161","article-title":"Trends in alcoholic hepatitis-related hospitalizations, financial burden, and mortality in the United States","volume":"49","author":"Jinjuvadia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0046|acer13108-cit-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23666","article-title":"Theophylline improves steroid sensitivity in acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"52","author":"Kendrick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0047|acer13108-cit-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.10.028","article-title":"Evidence that chronic alcohol exposure promotes intestinal oxidative stress, intestinal hyperpermeability and endotoxemia prior to development of alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats","volume":"50","author":"Keshavarzian","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0048|acer13108-cit-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-014-9540-x","article-title":"Procalcitonin as a marker of sepsis in alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0049|acer13108-cit-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.01.040","article-title":"Pentoxifylline does not decrease short-term mortality but does reduce complications in patients with advanced cirrhosis","volume":"138","author":"Lebrec","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0050|acer13108-cit-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90790-4","article-title":"Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with encephalopathy. Comparison of prednisolone with caloric supplements","volume":"74","author":"Lesesne","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0051|acer13108-cit-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.03.016","article-title":"The alcoholic hepatitis histologic score: structured prognostic biopsy evaluation comes to alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"146","author":"Liangpunsakul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0052|acer13108-cit-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02235538","article-title":"Natural history of alcoholic hepatitis. I. The acute disease","volume":"16","author":"Lischner","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0053|acer13108-cit-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310585","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota contributes to individual susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease","volume":"65","author":"Llopis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0054|acer13108-cit-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.10.010","article-title":"Early switch to pentoxifylline in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis is inefficient in non-responders to corticosteroids","volume":"48","author":"Louvet","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0055|acer13108-cit-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.044","article-title":"Combining data from liver disease scoring systems better predicts outcomes of patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"149","author":"Louvet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0056|acer13108-cit-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21607","article-title":"The Lille model: a new tool for therapeutic strategy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with steroids","volume":"45","author":"Louvet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0057|acer13108-cit-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.062","article-title":"Infection in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with steroids: early response to therapy is the key factor","volume":"137","author":"Louvet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0058|acer13108-cit-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500030613","article-title":"Minimal criteria for placement of adults on the liver transplant waiting list: a report of a national conference organized by the American Society of Transplant Physicians and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"3","author":"Lucey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Liver Transpl Surg"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0059|acer13108-cit-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0805786","article-title":"Alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"360","author":"Lucey","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0060|acer13108-cit-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90401-8","article-title":"Corticosteroid therapy of alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"75","author":"Maddrey","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0061|acer13108-cit-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3921-4","article-title":"SIRS at admission is a predictor of AKI development and mortality in hospitalized patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"61","author":"Maiwall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0062|acer13108-cit-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.09038","article-title":"Early change in bilirubin levels is an important prognostic factor in severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with prednisolone","volume":"38","author":"Mathurin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0063|acer13108-cit-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03302.x","article-title":"Fibrosis progression occurs in a subgroup of heavy drinkers with typical histological features","volume":"25","author":"Mathurin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0064|acer13108-cit-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8964410","article-title":"Survival and prognostic factors in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with prednisolone","volume":"110","author":"Mathurin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0065|acer13108-cit-0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.276300","article-title":"Prednisolone with vs without pentoxifylline and survival of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"310","author":"Mathurin","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0066|acer13108-cit-0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00289-6","article-title":"Corticosteroids improve short-term survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH): individual data analysis of the last three randomized placebo controlled double blind trials of corticosteroids in severe AH","volume":"36","author":"Mathurin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0067|acer13108-cit-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105703","article-title":"Early liver transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"365","author":"Mathurin","year":"2011a","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0068|acer13108-cit-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.224097","article-title":"Corticosteroids improve short-term survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: meta-analysis of individual patient data","volume":"60","author":"Mathurin","year":"2011b","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0069|acer13108-cit-0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agl033","article-title":"Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease: a systematic review of psychosocial selection criteria","volume":"41","author":"McCallum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0070|acer13108-cit-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840090302","article-title":"Increased tumor necrosis factor production by monocytes in alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"9","author":"McClain","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0071|acer13108-cit-0071","first-page":"96A","article-title":"Pentoxifylline may prevent renal impairment in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"14","author":"McHutchinson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0075|acer13108-cit-0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607185009005590","article-title":"VA Cooperative Study on Alcoholic Hepatitis. III: changes in protein-calorie malnutrition associated with 30\u00a0days of hospitalization with and without enteral nutritional therapy","volume":"9","author":"Mendenhall","year":"1985","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0078|acer13108-cit-0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01560.x","article-title":"Relationship of protein calorie malnutrition to alcoholic liver disease: a reexamination of data from two Veterans Administration Cooperative Studies","volume":"19","author":"Mendenhall","year":"1995a","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0072|acer13108-cit-0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5089(21)00818-X","article-title":"Alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"10","author":"Mendenhall","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0073|acer13108-cit-0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198412063112302","article-title":"Short-term and long-term survival in patients with alcoholic hepatitis treated with oxandrolone and prednisolone","volume":"311","author":"Mendenhall","year":"1984a","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0074|acer13108-cit-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90776-9","article-title":"Protein-calorie malnutrition associated with alcoholic hepatitis. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Alcoholic Hepatitis","volume":"76","author":"Mendenhall","year":"1984b","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0076|acer13108-cit-0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840170407","article-title":"A study of oral nutritional support with oxandrolone in malnourished patients with alcoholic hepatitis: results of a Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study","volume":"17","author":"Mendenhall","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0077|acer13108-cit-0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607195019004258","article-title":"Protein energy malnutrition in severe alcoholic hepatitis: diagnosis and response to treatment. The VA Cooperative Study Group #275","volume":"19","author":"Mendenhall","year":"1995b","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0079|acer13108-cit-0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140624","article-title":"Effect of parenteral amino acid supplementation on short-term and long-term outcomes in severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Mezey","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0080|acer13108-cit-0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00476-8","article-title":"A randomized placebo controlled trial of vitamin E for alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"40","author":"Mezey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0081|acer13108-cit-0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27779","article-title":"Systemic inflammatory response and serum lipopolysaccharide levels predict multiple organ failure and death in alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"62","author":"Michelena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0082|acer13108-cit-0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.12.038","article-title":"Intensive enteral nutrition is ineffective for individuals with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with corticosteroids","volume":"150","author":"Moreno","year":"2016a","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0083|acer13108-cit-0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.12.038","article-title":"Intensive enteral nutrition is ineffective for patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with corticosteroids","volume":"150","author":"Moreno","year":"2016b","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0084|acer13108-cit-0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.05.030","article-title":"Enteral nutrition with or without N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized multicenter controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Moreno","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0085|acer13108-cit-0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G966","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00380.2011","article-title":"Colonic microbiome is altered in alcoholism","volume":"302","author":"Mutlu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0086|acer13108-cit-0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)92338-7","article-title":"Aminoacid therapy of alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"2","author":"Nasrallah","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0087|acer13108-cit-0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20206","article-title":"A double-blind randomized controlled trial of infliximab associated with prednisolone in acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"39","author":"Naveau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0088|acer13108-cit-0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060219","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of supplementary parenteral nutrition in jaundiced alcoholic cirrhotic patients","volume":"6","author":"Naveau","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0089|acer13108-cit-0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1101214","article-title":"Glucocorticoids plus N-acetylcysteine in severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"365","author":"Nguyen-Khac","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0090|acer13108-cit-0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.593","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease","volume":"105","author":"O'Shea","year":"2010a","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0091|acer13108-cit-0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23258","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease","volume":"51","author":"O'Shea","year":"2010b","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0092|acer13108-cit-0092","first-page":"A459","article-title":"Role of pentoxifylline in treatment of severe acute alcoholic hepatitis - a randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Paladugu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0093|acer13108-cit-0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(86)80006-X","article-title":"Histological course of alcoholic hepatitis. Influence of abstinence, sex and extent of hepatic damage","volume":"2","author":"Pares","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0094|acer13108-cit-0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.05.014","article-title":"Pentoxifylline vs. corticosteroid to treat severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomised, non-inferiority, open trial","volume":"61","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0095|acer13108-cit-0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S776","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(15)31332-5","article-title":"Utility of liver biopsy in alcoholic hepatitis: data from the steroids or pentoxyfilline in alcoholic hepatitis (STOPAH) clinical trial","volume":"62","author":"Petts","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0096|acer13108-cit-0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.11.039","article-title":"Antioxidants versus corticosteroids in the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis-a randomised clinical trial","volume":"44","author":"Phillips","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0097|acer13108-cit-0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197106172842404","article-title":"Corticosteroid therapy in severe alcoholic hepatitis. A double-blind drug trial","volume":"284","author":"Porter","year":"1971","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0098|acer13108-cit-0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12427","article-title":"Determinants of long-term outcome in severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"38","author":"Potts","year":"2013a","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0099|acer13108-cit-0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32835d83d9","article-title":"Recurrent severe alcoholic hepatitis: clinical characteristics and outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Potts","year":"2013b","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0100|acer13108-cit-0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003045.pub2","article-title":"Anabolic-androgenic steroids for alcoholic liver disease","author":"Rambaldi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0101|acer13108-cit-0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03685.x","article-title":"Systematic review: glucocorticosteroids for alcoholic hepatitis-a Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of randomized clinical trials","volume":"27","author":"Rambaldi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0102|acer13108-cit-0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202203260802","article-title":"A randomized trial of prednisolone in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"326","author":"Ramond","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0103|acer13108-cit-0103","first-page":"S75","article-title":"Influence of corticosteroids (CS) on plasma cytokines concentration in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (HA): results of a randomized study","volume":"18","author":"Richardet","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0104|acer13108-cit-0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03258.x","article-title":"Prognostic value of hepatic venous pressure gradient for in-hospital mortality of patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"25","author":"Rincon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0105|acer13108-cit-0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4113.712","article-title":"Experimental alcoholic hepatitis: a new primate model","volume":"182","author":"Rubin","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0106|acer13108-cit-0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.137","article-title":"PNPLA3 gene polymorphism is associated with predisposition to and severity of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"110","author":"Salameh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0107|acer13108-cit-0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S133","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201310001-00448","article-title":"Impact of nutritional supplementation in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo controlled trials","volume":"108","author":"Salameh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0108|acer13108-cit-0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25614","article-title":"Liver progenitor cell markers correlate with liver damage and predict short-term mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"55","author":"Sancho-Bru","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0109|acer13108-cit-0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23686","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease: the buzz may be gone, but the hangover remains","volume":"51","author":"Shah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0110|acer13108-cit-0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(14)60491-8","article-title":"Baseline liver biopsy can predict response to steroids in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"60","author":"Shasthry","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0111|acer13108-cit-0111","first-page":"443","article-title":"A controlled trial of 6-methylprednisolone in acute alcoholic hepatitis. With a note on published results in encephalopathic patients","volume":"69","author":"Shumaker","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0112|acer13108-cit-0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2097-4","article-title":"Corticosteroid plus pentoxifylline is not better than corticosteroid alone for improving survival in severe alcoholic hepatitis (COPE trial)","volume":"57","author":"Sidhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0113|acer13108-cit-0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(88)80483-5","article-title":"A randomized controlled study of peripheral parenteral nutrition in moderate and severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"7","author":"Simon","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0119|acer13108-cit-0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S138","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201410002-00461","article-title":"Translational bioenergetics: a promising biomarker with potential to personalize treatment in patients with alcoholic liver disease","volume":"109","author":"Singal","year":"2014a","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0114|acer13108-cit-0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.168","article-title":"Epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Singal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Liv Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0115|acer13108-cit-0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25544","article-title":"Outcomes after liver transplantation for alcoholic hepatitis are similar to alcoholic cirrhosis: exploratory analysis from the UNOS database","volume":"55","author":"Singal","year":"2012a","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0116|acer13108-cit-0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.009","article-title":"Nutrition in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"16","author":"Singal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0117|acer13108-cit-0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02604.x","article-title":"Antioxidants as therapeutic agents for liver disease","volume":"31","author":"Singal","year":"2011a","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0118|acer13108-cit-0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.06.013","article-title":"Alcoholic hepatitis: current challenges and future directions","volume":"12","author":"Singal","year":"2014b","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0120|acer13108-cit-0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328355cce0","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection in alcoholic hepatitis: prevalence patterns and impact on in-hospital mortality","volume":"24","author":"Singal","year":"2012b","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0121|acer13108-cit-0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328343b085","article-title":"Impact of hepatitis C virus infection on the course and outcome of patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"23","author":"Singal","year":"2011b","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0122|acer13108-cit-0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v4.i2.16","article-title":"Management practices of hepatitis C virus infected alcoholic hepatitis patients: a survey of physicians","volume":"4","author":"Singal","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0123|acer13108-cit-0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2011.06.008","article-title":"Alcoholic hepatitis: prognostic models and treatment","volume":"40","author":"Singal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0124|acer13108-cit-0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006","article-title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Pharmacological Interventions for Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis: a Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis","volume":"149","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0125|acer13108-cit-0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.154","article-title":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized pilot study","volume":"109","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0126|acer13108-cit-0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.04.028","article-title":"Soluble TNF-R1, but not tumor necrosis factor alpha, predicts the 3-month mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"41","author":"Spahr","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0127|acer13108-cit-0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00190-8","article-title":"Rapid changes in alcoholic hepatitis histology under steroids: correlation with soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in hepatic venous blood","volume":"35","author":"Spahr","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0128|acer13108-cit-0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.12.022","article-title":"MELD score is a better\u00a0prognostic model than Child-Turcotte-Pugh score or Discriminant\u00a0Function score in patients with alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"42","author":"Srikureja","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0129|acer13108-cit-0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.03.027","article-title":"A randomized trial of antioxidant therapy alone or with corticosteroids in acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"47","author":"Stewart","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0130|acer13108-cit-0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00276-8","article-title":"Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are a source of hepatocyte growth factor in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"36","author":"Taieb","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0131|acer13108-cit-0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.1.75","article-title":"Controlled trial of methylprednisolone therapy in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"23","author":"Theodossi","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0132|acer13108-cit-0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1412278","article-title":"Prednisolone or pentoxifylline for alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"372","author":"Thursz","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0133|acer13108-cit-0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00047-8","article-title":"Influence of superimposed alcoholic hepatitis on the outcome of liver transplantation for end-stage alcoholic liver disease","volume":"36","author":"Tome","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0134|acer13108-cit-0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840150115","article-title":"Treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis by infusion of insulin and glucagon: a multicenter sequential trial","volume":"15","author":"Trinchet","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0135|acer13108-cit-0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21298","article-title":"The impact of acute alcoholic hepatitis in the explanted recipient liver on outcome after liver transplantation","volume":"13","author":"Wells","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0136|acer13108-cit-0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007339.pub2","article-title":"Pentoxifylline for alcoholic hepatitis","author":"Whitfield","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0137|acer13108-cit-0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agu028","article-title":"Utilization of baclofen in maintenance of alcohol abstinence in patients with alcohol dependence and alcoholic hepatitis with or without cirrhosis","volume":"49","author":"Yamini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1111\/acer.13108-BIB0138|acer13108-cit-0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i19.2435","article-title":"Early mortality of alcoholic hepatitis: a review of data from placebo-controlled clinical trials","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Facer.13108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.13108\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:13:58Z","timestamp":1656634438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.13108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.13108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]]}}}