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We hypothesized that heavy drinking would be associated with greater evidence of immunosenescence (i.e., aging\u2010related decline of adaptive immune function) among antiretroviral therapy (ART<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010na\u00efve HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Using data from the Russia ARCH<\/jats:styled-content> cohort study, we conducted a cross\u2010sectional analysis of ART<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010na\u00efve HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals recruited between 2012 and 2014. Independent variable<\/jats:italic>: Heavy drinking defined as >4 standard drinks in a day (or >14\u00a0standard drinks per week) for men and >3 per day (or >7 per week) for women, respectively. Dependent variables<\/jats:italic>: Percentage of CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+ and CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+ T\u2010cells with a phenotype consistent with immunosenescence (i.e., expressing CD<\/jats:styled-content>28\u2212\u00a0CD<\/jats:styled-content>57+, or memory [CD<\/jats:styled-content>45RO<\/jats:styled-content>+\u00a0CD<\/jats:styled-content>45RA<\/jats:styled-content>+] phenotype and not the na\u00efve [CD<\/jats:styled-content>45RO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212\u00a0CD<\/jats:styled-content>45RA<\/jats:styled-content>+] phenotype). Statistical analysis<\/jats:italic>: Multiple linear regression adjusted for confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Of 214 eligible participants, 61% were heavy drinkers. Mean age was 33\u00a0years and the cohort was predominantly male (72%). Hepatitis C prevalence was high (87%) and mean log10<\/jats:sub> HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 RNA<\/jats:styled-content> copies\/ml was 4.6. We found no significant differences by drinking status in the percentage of immunosenescent, memory, or na\u00efve CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+ or CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+ T\u2010cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>In this cross\u2010sectional analysis, heavy drinking in the setting of untreated HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection did not appear to be associated with alterations in T\u2010cell phenotypes consistent with immunosenescence. To substantiate these findings, longitudinal studies should assess whether changes in alcohol consumption are associated with changes in these and other immunosenescent T\u2010cell phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,8]],"date-time":"2016-07-08T09:02:23Z","timestamp":1467968543000},"page":"1737-1743","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of Heavy Drinking on T\u2010Cell Phenotypes Consistent with Immunosenescence in Untreated HIV<\/scp> Infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1505-6384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaku A.","family":"So\u2010Armah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine\/Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. Jennifer","family":"Edelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debbie M.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret F.","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington Vermont"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Patts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Gnatienko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine\/Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evgeny M.","family":"Krupitsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St.\u2010Petersburg Bekhterev Research Psychoneurological Institute Pavlov State Medical University St. Petersburg Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0897-3400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Samet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine\/Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Freiberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville 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