{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:33:29Z","timestamp":1788917609390,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]],"date-time":"2016-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 GM103400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 GM103400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 AA022534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 AA022534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AA019462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA019462"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Past studies of moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content>) have focused on specific brain regions, neurotransmitter systems, and behaviors. However, the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content> on brain function and behavior are complex and not limited to discrete brain regions. Thus, there is a critical need to understand the global effects of moderate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content> on neural function. A primary aim of this research was to explore the functional relationships in neural activity of spatially distinct areas by applying a widely used computational algorithm\u2014group\u2010independent component analysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">gICA<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2014to resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from rats exposed to either an alcohol or saccharin control solution via maternal consumption during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2013Evans rat dams consumed either 5% (v\/v) alcohol or a saccharin control solution throughout gestation. Adult offspring from each prenatal treatment group were anesthetized for functional, structural, and perfusion magnetic resonance\u2010based image acquisition sequences. gICA was applied to the functional data to extract components. To determine connectivity, component time\u2010course correlations were computed and compared. Additionally, spectral power analyses were utilized as an additional measure of functional connectivity. Finally, blood perfusion\u2014assessed by arterial spin labeling\u2014and whole\u2010brain volumetric analyses were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analyses revealed 17 components in several brain regions such as the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with reductions in coordinated activity between components, especially in males. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content> was also associated with reductions in low\u2010frequency spectral power, an effect that was more robust in females. Brain volumetric analyses revealed sex\u2010dependent reductions in females while blood flow analyses revealed sex\u2010dependent reductions in males.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Moderate PAE leads to persistent changes in functional connectivity in the absence of whole\u2010brain volume or blood flow measures. Future studies will investigate the relationships between alterations in functional network connectivity and behavior.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]],"date-time":"2016-08-29T06:22:42Z","timestamp":1472451762000},"page":"2134-2146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Alters Functional Connectivity in the Adult Rat Brain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Carlos I.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzy","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vince","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"The Mind Research Network and LBERI Albuquerque New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Savage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek A.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11689-009-9004-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1995.7.6.1129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10175-012-0050-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601417103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21170"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Clinical applications of resting state functional connectivity","volume":"4","author":"Fox MD","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.03.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2004.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.08.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.05.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(03)00028-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/52407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00141.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91092-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420120102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.05.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-012-0267-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35084005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome. A summary","volume":"25","author":"May PA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-011-9164-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","unstructured":"2004 Academic Press San Diego CA G Paxinos C Watson The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates \u2013 The New Coronal Set"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4867-08.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02480.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03978.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-011-9168-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(03)00192-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607037104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01769.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1063(1997)7:2<232::AID-HIPO9>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Focus on: neurotransmitter systems","volume":"34","author":"Valenzuela CF","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.165027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01415.x"}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Facer.13175","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Facer.13175","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.13175","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T02:03:34Z","timestamp":1696471414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.13175"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.13175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.13175","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008","1530-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]]}}}