{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:54:57Z","timestamp":1790826897623,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,10]],"date-time":"2016-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016238","name":"Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016238","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The nucleus accumbens shell is a key brain area mediating the reinforcing effects of ethanol (EtOH). Previously, it has been shown that the density of <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\u2010opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell is higher in alcohol\u2010preferring Alko Alcohol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content>) rats than in alcohol\u2010avoiding Alko Non\u2010Alcohol rats. In addition, EtOH releases opioid peptides in the nucleus accumbens and opioid receptor antagonists are able to modify EtOH intake, all suggesting an opioidergic mechanism in the control of EtOH consumption. As the exact mechanisms of opioidergic involvement remains to be elucidated, the aim of this study was to clarify the role of accumbal <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\u2010 and <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\u2010opioid receptors in controlling EtOH intake in alcohol\u2010preferring <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content> rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microinfusions of the <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\u2010opioid receptor antagonist <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTOP<\/jats:styled-content> (0.3 and 1\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/site), <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\u2010opioid receptor agonist <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DAMGO<\/jats:styled-content> (0.03 and 0.1\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/site), nonselective opioid receptor agonist morphine (30\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/site), and <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\u2010opioid receptor agonist U50488H (0.3 and 1\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/site) were administered via bilateral guide cannulas into the nucleus accumbens shell of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content> rats that voluntarily consumed 10% EtOH solution in an intermittent, time\u2010restricted (90\u2010minute) 2\u2010bottle choice access paradigm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTOP<\/jats:styled-content> (1\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/site) significantly increased EtOH intake. Conversely, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DAMGO<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in a decreasing trend in EtOH intake. Neither morphine nor U50488H had any effect on EtOH intake in the used paradigm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results provide further evidence for the role of accumbens shell <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\u2010opioid receptors but not <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\u2010opioid receptors in mediating reinforcing effects of EtOH and in regulating EtOH consumption. The results also provide support for views suggesting that the nucleus accumbens shell has a major role in mediating EtOH reward.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,10]],"date-time":"2016-08-10T13:12:50Z","timestamp":1470834770000},"page":"2114-2123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Accumbal <i>\u03bc<\/i>\u2010Opioid Receptors Modulate Ethanol Intake in Alcohol\u2010Preferring Alko Alcohol Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Johanna","family":"Uhari\u2010V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atso","family":"Raasmaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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