{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:24:10Z","timestamp":1791980650008,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AA014835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AA014835"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prenatal alcohol exposure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content>) has been found to impact neurophysiological encoding of environmental events negatively in the first year of life but has not been evaluated in older infants or toddlers. Cardiac orienting responses (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>s) collected during\u00a0a habituation\/dishabituation learning paradigm were obtained from 12\u2010 to 18\u2010month\u2010olds to assess the impact of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content> beyond the first year of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants included women and their toddlers who differed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content> histories and enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of multivitamin\/mineral usage during pregnancy. Those who were randomly assigned to the no intervention group were used for this analysis. The habituation\/dishabituation paradigm consisted of 10 habituation and 5 dishabituation trials. Baseline heart rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>) was collected for 30\u00a0seconds prior to stimulus onset, and responses to the stimuli were assessed by sampling <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> for 12\u00a0seconds poststimulus onset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The speed of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> in response to auditory stimuli in the dishabituation condition was found to be altered as a function of maternal alcohol use around conception. For visual stimuli, positive histories of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content> were predictive of the magnitude but not the speed of the response on habituation and dishabituation trials. A history of binge drinking was associated with reduced magnitude of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> response on visual encoding trials, and level of alcohol exposure at the time of conception was predictive of the magnitude of the response on visual dishabituation trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiac ORs collected in the toddler period were sensitive to the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content>. The magnitude of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> was more sensitive to the impact of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content> than in previous research with younger infants, and this may be a function of brain maturation. Additional research assessing the predictive utility of using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>s in making decisions about individual risk was recommended.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T11:12:37Z","timestamp":1474456357000},"page":"2377-2384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cardiac Orienting Responses Differentiate the Impact of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Ukrainian Toddlers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Kable","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire D.","family":"Coles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyubov","family":"Yevtushok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMNI\u2010Net for Children International Charitable Fund Rivne Regional Medical Diagnostic Center Rivne Province Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaroslav","family":"Kulikovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMNI\u2010Net for Children International Charitable Fund Rivne Regional Medical Diagnostic Center Rivne Province Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wladimir","family":"Wertelecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health University of California San Diego La Jolla California"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics University of South Alabama Mobile Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina D.","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla California"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health University of California San Diego La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the CIFASD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00913693"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2011.72.536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"287","volume-title":"Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention: A Developmental Perspective","author":"Bell MA","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00434.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"1989 L. 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