{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:09:29Z","timestamp":1790777369380,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#U01AA014835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#U01AA014835"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000063","name":"Office of Dietary Supplements","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early detection of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content>s) is desirable to allow earlier and more comprehensive interventions to be initiated for the mother and infant. We examined prenatal ultrasound as an early method of detecting markers of the physical features and neurobehavioral deficits characteristic of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A longitudinal cohort of pregnant women in Ukraine was recruited as part of the Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Women were enrolled into a moderately to heavy\u2010alcohol\u2010exposed group or a low\u2010 or no\u2010alcohol exposure group and were followed to pregnancy outcome. In the second trimester, a fetal ultrasound was performed to measure transverse cerebellar diameter, occipital frontal diameter (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OFD<\/jats:styled-content>), caval\u2013calvarial distance, frontothalamic distance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FTD<\/jats:styled-content>), interorbital distance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOD<\/jats:styled-content>), outer orbital diameter, and orbital diameter (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OD<\/jats:styled-content>). Live born infants received a dysmorphological examination and a neurobehavioral evaluation using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. These data were used to classify infants with respect to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content>. Comparisons were made on the ultrasound measures between those with and without features of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content>, adjusting for gestational age at ultrasound and maternal smoking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 233 mother\/child dyads were included. Children classified as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content> had significantly longer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOD<\/jats:styled-content> and lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FTD<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOD<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> OFD<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOD<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FTD<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OD<\/jats:styled-content> ratios (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Children with a Bayley score &lt;85 had significantly shorter <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FTD<\/jats:styled-content>, longer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOD<\/jats:styled-content>, lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OFD<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOD<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FTD<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOD<\/jats:styled-content> ratios (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). In general, mean differences were small. Ultrasound variables alone predicted &lt;10% of the variance in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content> outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some ultrasound measurements were associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content>, selected facial features of the disorder, and lower neurobehavioral scores. However, mean differences were relatively small, making it difficult to predict affected children based solely on these measures. It may be advantageous to combine these easily obtained ultrasound measures with other data to aid in identifying high risk for an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content> outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,2]],"date-time":"2016-10-02T00:13:54Z","timestamp":1475367234000},"page":"2418-2425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Second\u2010Trimester Ultrasound as a Tool for Early Detection of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Annika C.","family":"Montag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Hull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyubov","family":"Yevtushok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rivne Provincial Medical Diagnostic Center and OMNI\u2010Net Center Rivne Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalya","family":"Zymak\u2010Zakutnya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khmelnytsky City Perinatal Center and OMNI\u2010Net Center Khmelnytsky Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoryana","family":"Sosyniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rivne Provincial Medical Diagnostic Center and OMNI\u2010Net Center Rivne Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"Dolhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khmelnytsky City Perinatal Center and OMNI\u2010Net Center Khmelnytsky Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth Lyons","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla California"},{"name":"Rady Children's Hospital San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wladimir","family":"Wertelecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla California"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics University of South Alabama Mobile Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina D.","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla California"},{"name":"Rady Children's Hospital San Diego California"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health University of California San Diego La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the CIFASD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70187-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/35.4.400"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2000.tb00021.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"1993 N Bayley Bayley Scales of Infant Development: Manual. 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