{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:09:30Z","timestamp":1784819370332,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]],"date-time":"2016-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AA014835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AA014835"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5306\u201051530\u2010019\u2010 00D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5306\u201051530\u2010019\u2010 00D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Considered the leading cause of developmental disabilities worldwide, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content>) are a global health problem. To take advantage of neural plasticity, early identification of affected infants is critical. The cardiac orienting response (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content>) has been shown to be sensitive to the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and is an inexpensive, easy to administer assessment tool. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content> effectiveness in assessing individual risk of developmental delay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>As part of an ongoing longitudinal cohort study in Ukraine, live\u2010born infants of women with some to heavy amounts of alcohol consumption in pregnancy were recruited and compared to infants of women who consumed low or no alcohol. At 6 and 12\u00a0months, infants were evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content>s were also collected during a habituation\/dishabituation learning paradigm. Using a supervised logistic regression classifier, we compared the predictive utility of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content> indices to that of the 6\u2010month Bayley scores for identification of developmental delay based on 12\u2010month Bayley scores. Heart rate collected at each second (Standard <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content>) was compared to key features (Key <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content>) extracted from the response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Negative predictive values (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPV<\/jats:styled-content>) were 85% for Standard <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content>, 82% for Key <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content>, and 77% for the Bayley, and positive predictive values (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPV<\/jats:styled-content>) were 66% for Standard <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content>, 62% for Key <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content>, and 43% for the Bayley.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Predictive analysis based on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in better <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPV<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPV<\/jats:styled-content> than the 6\u2010month Bayley score. As the resources required to obtain a Bayley score are substantially more than in a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based paradigm, the findings are suggestive of its utility as an early scalable screening tool based on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content>. Further work is needed to test its long\u2010term predictive accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]],"date-time":"2016-11-24T12:52:43Z","timestamp":1479991963000},"page":"128-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Use of Cardiac Orienting Responses as an Early and Scalable Biomarker of Alcohol\u2010Related Neurodevelopmental Impairment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2251-688X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego A.","family":"Mesa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of California, San Diego La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Kable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Department 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