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No studies exist using auditory versions of the task; thus, it is unclear how the deficits observed in visual tasks translate into the auditory domain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERP<\/jats:styled-content>s using an auditory Go\/NoGo paradigm in a sample of 35 school\u2010age children\u201418 with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure and 17 normally developing controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol\u2010exposed children performed as well as controls in terms of inhibiting their responses; however, their reaction times were significantly slower under the Go condition. As in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERP<\/jats:styled-content> visual Go\/NoGo task previously administered to these children, group differences were seen in early perceptual processing, specifically related to stimulus discrimination, with a decrease in P2 amplitude in the alcohol\u2010exposed group. The control group exhibited greater N2 amplitude in the NoGo compared to the Go condition while the alcohol\u2010exposed group did not, suggesting a group difference in the neural substrates underlying conflict monitoring. The alcohol\u2010exposed group demonstrated longer latency P3 with reduced amplitude, suggesting poorer allocation of attention. The alcohol\u2010exposed group also exhibited a late positive component (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPC<\/jats:styled-content>) similar to the one observed in the previous visual <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERP<\/jats:styled-content> study. This <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPC<\/jats:styled-content> may indicate compensatory neurophysiological function related to resetting of attentional control networks in preparation for the next trial. None of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERP<\/jats:styled-content> outcomes in this study were related to potential confounders which included cognitive and socioeconomic measures as well as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The observed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERP<\/jats:styled-content> group differences point to elements of perceptual and attentional processing likely to be involved in the performance deficits often observed in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content>. We also observed changes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERP<\/jats:styled-content>s related to conflict monitoring\/response inhibition, highlighting fetal alcohol\u2010related effects on how the brain responds when there is need to identify and respond to environmental cues by switching away from a prepotent motor response to an inhibited state.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]],"date-time":"2016-12-07T13:03:23Z","timestamp":1481115803000},"page":"96-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["An <scp>ERP<\/scp> Study of Response Inhibition in the Auditory Domain in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Gerhold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit Department of Human Biology University of Cape Town Cape Town South 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