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Depending on the pattern of consumption, the dose, and the period of exposure to ethanol (EtOH), a variety of structural and functional brain deficits can be observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study compared the effects of EtOH exposure during distinct periods of brain development on oxidative damage and endogenous antioxidant status in various brain regions of adult female and male Sprague Dawley rats. Pregnant dams and neonatal rats were exposed to EtOH during one of the following time windows: between gestational days (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GD<\/jats:styled-content>s) 1 and 10 (first trimester equivalent); between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GD<\/jats:styled-content>s 11 and 21 (second trimester equivalent); or between postnatal days (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PND<\/jats:styled-content>s) 4 and 10 (third trimester equivalent).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>EtOH exposure during any of the 3 trimester equivalents significantly increased lipid peroxidation in both the <jats:italic>cornus ammonis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>) and dentate gyrus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DG<\/jats:styled-content>) subregions of the hippocampus, while also decreasing the levels of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione in the hippocampal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DG<\/jats:styled-content> subregions as well as the prefrontal cortex of young adult animals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PND<\/jats:styled-content> 60).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that EtOH exposure during restricted periods of brain development can have long\u2010term consequences in the adult brain by dysregulating its redox status. This dysfunction may underlie, at least in part, the long\u2010term alterations in brain function associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]],"date-time":"2016-11-14T23:44:31Z","timestamp":1479167071000},"page":"26-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The Effects of Ethanol Exposure During Distinct Periods of Brain Development on Oxidative Stress in the Adult Rat Brain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1680-5909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia S.","family":"Brocardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Sciences and UBC Island Medical Program  University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Morphological Sciences Center of Biological Sciences Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina 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