{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:45:26Z","timestamp":1790394326543,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]],"date-time":"2017-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004807","name":"California Department of Fish and Game","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both chronic alcohol consumption and alcohol withdrawal lead to neural tissue damage which partly recovers during abstinence. This study investigated withdrawal\u2010associated changes in glutamatergic compounds, markers of neuronal integrity, and gray matter volumes during acute alcohol withdrawal in the hippocampus, a key region in development and maintenance of alcohol dependence in humans and rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol\u2010dependent patients (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a039) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>) and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content>spectroscopy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRS<\/jats:styled-content>) measurements within 24\u00a0hours after the last drink and after 2\u00a0weeks of abstinence.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRS<\/jats:styled-content>data of healthy controls (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a034) were acquired once. Our thorough quality criteria resulted in<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015 available spectra from the first and of<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a021 from the second measurement in patients, and of<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a019 from healthy controls. In a translational approach, chronic intermittent ethanol\u2010exposed rats and respective controls (8\/group) underwent 5<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRS<\/jats:styled-content>measurements covering baseline, intoxication, 12 and 60\u00a0hours of withdrawal, and 3\u00a0weeks of abstinence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In both species, higher levels of markers of glutamatergic metabolism were associated with lower gray matter volumes in the hippocampus in early abstinence. Trends of reduced<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylaspartate levels during intoxication persisted in patients with severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms over 2\u00a0weeks of abstinence. We observed a higher ratio of glutamate to glutamine during alcohol withdrawal in our animal model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to limited statistical power, we regard the results as preliminary and discuss them in the framework of the hypothesis of withdrawal\u2010induced hyperglutamatergic neurotoxicity, alcohol\u2010induced neural changes, and training\u2010associated effects of abstinence on hippocampal tissue integrity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]],"date-time":"2017-01-18T13:55:12Z","timestamp":1484747712000},"page":"323-333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Negative Association Between<scp>MR<\/scp>\u2010Spectroscopic Glutamate Markers and Gray Matter Volume After Alcohol Withdrawal in the Hippocampus: A Translational Study in Humans and 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